40 THE GREEK SCHOOL PHILOSOPHY. 



things are in the world, but the world is in it." In 

 Aristotle we have the consummation of this mode 

 of speculation. The usual point from which he 

 starts in his inquiries is, that tee say thus or thus in 

 common language. Thus, when he has to discuss 

 the question, whether there be, in any part of the 

 universe, a Void, or space in which there is nothing, 

 he inquires first in how many senses we say that 

 one thing is in another. He enumerates many of 

 these 2 ; we say the part is in the whole, as the finger 

 is in the hand ; again we say, the species is in the 

 genus, as man is included in animal; again, the 

 government of Greece is in the king; and various 

 other senses are described or exemplified, but of all 

 these the most proper is when we say a thing is in a 

 vessel, and generally, in place. He next examines 

 what place is, and comes to this conclusion, that 

 "if about a body there be another body including* 

 it, it is in place, and if not, not." A body moves 

 when it changes its place; but he adds, that if 

 water be in a vessel, the vessel being at rest, the 

 parts of the water may still move, for they are in- 

 cluded by each other ; so that while the whole does 

 not change its place, the parts may change their 

 places in a circular order. Proceeding then to the 

 question of a void, he, as usual, examines the dif- 

 ferent senses in which the term is used, and adopts, 

 as the most proper, place without matter ; with no 

 useful result, as we shall soon see. 

 2 Pbvsic. Ausc. iv. 3. 



