318 HISTORY OF BOTANY. 



flower, will be of a certain definite number and 

 orderly distribution. And thus every plant will fall 

 into one part or other of the same system. 



It is not difficult to point out, in this induction 

 of Csesalpinus, the two elements which we have so 

 often declared must occur in all inductive pro- 

 cesses; the exact acquaintance "with facts, and the 

 general and applicable ideas by which these facts 

 are brought together. Csesalpinus was no mere 

 dealer in intellectual relations or learned traditions, 

 but a laborious and persevering collector of plants 

 and of botanical knowledge. " For many years," he 

 says in his Dedication, " I have been pursuing my 

 researches in various regions, habitually visiting the 

 places in which grew the various kinds of herbs, 

 shrubs, and trees; I have been assisted by the 

 labours of many friends, and by gardens established 

 for the public benefit, and containing foreign plants 

 collected from the most remote regions." He here 

 refers to the first garden directed to the public 

 study of botany, which was that of Pisa 17 , instituted 

 in 1543, by order of the Grand Duke Cosmo the 

 First. The management of it was confided first to 

 Lucas Ghini, and afterwards to Csesalpinus. He had 

 collected also a herbarium of dried plants, which 

 he calls the rudiment of his work. " Tibi enim," he 

 says, in his dedication to Francis Medici, Grand 

 Duke of Etruria, " apud quern extat ejus rudimen- 

 tum ex plantis libro agglutinatis a me compositum." 

 17 Cuv. 187. 



