FORMATION OF SYSTEMS. 325 



1626; that of Upsal, afterwards so celebrated, took 

 its rise in 1657, that of Amsterdam in 1684. Mori- 

 son, whom we shall soon have to mention, calls 

 himself, in 1680, the first Director of the Botanical 

 Garden at Oxford. 



In the mean time, although there appeared no 

 new system which commanded the attention of the 

 botanical world, the feeling of the importance of 

 the affinities of plants became continually more 

 strong and distinct. 



Lobel, who was botanist to James the First, and 

 who published his Stirpium Adversaria Nova in 

 1571, brings together the natural families of plants 

 more distinctly than his predecessors, and even dis- 

 tinguishes (as Cuvier states 32 ,) monocotyledonous 

 from dicotyledonous plants ; one of the most com- 

 prehensive division-lines of botany, of which suc- 

 ceeding times discovered the value more completely. 

 Fabius Columna 33 , in 1616, gave figures of the fruc- 

 tification of plants on copper, as Gessner had before 

 done on wood. But the elder Bauhin (John), not- 

 withstanding all that Csesalpinus had done, retro- 

 graded, in a work published in 1619, into the less 

 precise and scientific distinctions of trees with 

 nuts ; with berries ; with acorns ; with pods ; creep- 

 ing plants, gourds, &c. : and no clear progress 

 towards a system was anywhere visible among the 

 authors of this period. 



While this continued to be the case, and while 



32 Cuv. Leyms, &c. 198. 33 Ib. 206. 



