386 HISTORY OF ZOOLOGY. 



the animal kingdom there proposed has consider- 

 able scientific merit, and is, for the time, very phi- 

 losophical. But there are passages in his work in 

 which he shows a wish to carry the principle of 

 arrangement more into detail. Thus, in the first 

 Book, before proceeding to his survey of the dif- 

 ferences of animals 10 , after speaking of such classes 

 as Quadrupeds, Birds, Fishes, Cetaceous, Testaceous, 

 Crustaceous Animals, Mollusks, Insects, he says, 

 (chap, vii.) 



" Animals cannot be divided into large genera, 

 in which one kind includes many kinds. For some 

 kinds are unique, and have no difference of species, 

 as man. Some have such kinds, but have no names 

 for them. Thus all quadrupeds which have not 

 wings, have blood. But of these, some are vivipa- 

 rous, some oviparous. Those which are vivipa- 

 rous have not all hair ; those which are oviparous 

 have scales." We have here a manifestly intentional 

 subordination of characters : and a kind of regret 

 that we have not names for the classes here indi- 

 cated ; such, for instance, as viviparous quadrupeds 

 having hair. But he follows the subject into further 

 detail. "Of the class of viviparous quadrupeds," 

 he continues, "there are many genera 11 , but these 

 again are without names, except specific names, 

 such as man, lion, stag, horse, dog, and the like. 

 Yet there is a genus of animals that have names, 

 as the horse, the ass, the or em* the ginmis, the 



