NOTES TO BOOK XVI. 413 



experimitur;" and he is hence led to think that the true 

 character of all natural assemblages are extremely simple. 



One of the leading features in Mr. Lindley's system^ls 

 that he has thrown the Natural Orders into groups subor- 

 dinate to the higher divisions of Classes and Sub-classes. 

 He had already attempted this, in imitation of Agardh 

 and Bartling, in his Nissus Plantarum, (1833). The 

 groups of Natural Orders were there called Nixus (tenden- 

 cies) ; and they were denoted by names ending in ales: 

 but these groups were further subordinated to Cohorts. 

 Thus the first member of the arrangement was Class i. 

 EXOGENJE. Sub-class i. POLYPETAL.E. Cohort i. ALBUMI- 

 NOS.E. Nixus i. Ranales. Natural Orders included in 

 this Ni&us, Ranunculaceae, Saracenicese, Papaveracese, &c. 

 In the Vegetable Kingdom, the groups of Natural Orders 

 are termed Alliances. In this work, the Sub-classes of the 

 EXOGENS are four ; i. DICLINOUS ; n. HYPOGYNOQS ; in. PE- 

 RIGYNOUS ; iv. EPIGYNOUS ; and the Alliances are subordi- 

 nated to these without the intervention of Cohorts. 



Mr. Lindley has also, in this as in other works, given 

 English names for the Natural Orders. Thus for Nym- 

 phacew, Ranunculacece, Tamaricacece, Zygophyllaceai, Elea- 

 trinacece, he substitutes Water-Lilies, Crowfoots, Tama- 

 risks, Bean-Capers, and Water-Peppers; for Malvaceae^ 

 Aurantiacece, Gentianacece, Primulaceas, Urtiacece, Euphor- 

 biacece, he employs Mallow-worts, Citron-worts, Gentian- 

 worts, Prim-worts, Net tie- worts, Spurge-worts ; and the 

 terms Orchids, Hippurids, Amaryllids, Irids, Typhads, 

 Arads, Cucurbits, are taken as English equivalents for 

 Orchidacece, Haloragacece, Amaryllidaceoe, Iridacece, Typha- 

 cece, Araceoj, CucurUtacew. All persons who wish success 

 to the study of botany in England must rejoice to see it 

 tend to assume this idiomatic shape. 



