HISTORY OF THE SHORT-HORNS. 



the business, and outstripped their older neighbors to whom they 

 were indebted for the original excellence in their herds, and had 

 adopted a course of breeding opposed to the common opinions of 

 the breeders around them, viz. : the in-and-in system of Bakewell. 



1. Bull, Hubback. 



2. Son of Hubback. 



3. Cow, by son of Hubback. 



4. Bull, Favorite. 



5. ist Cow by Favorite. 



6. 2d Cow by Favorite. 



7. 3d Cow by Favorite. 



EXPLANATION OF FIGURES. 



8. 4th Cow by Favorite. 15. 



o. sth Cow by Favorite. 16. 



10. 6th Cow by Favorite. 4. 



11. Cow, Clarissa. 



12. Bull, Wellington, sire of 



Clarissa. 17. 



13. Bull, Comet. 18. 



14. Cow,Wildair. 



Cow, Young Phoenix. 



Cow, Phoenix. 



Same bull Favorite on the 

 side of Clarissa's sire, as 

 on the sire of her dam. 



Bull, Bolingbroke. 



Granddaughter of Hubback. 



They bred their stock intensely and pertinaciously in-and-in, as 

 has been seen by the crosses and diagrams we have given, to the 

 closest relationship. They had selected from the herds of other 

 breeders not only as good blood as they could obtain, but as good 

 animals, and by their course of close breeding had concentrated 

 that blood into its utmost compactness in their stock, thus enabling 

 their bulls to transmit it with nearly absolute certainty into the thor- 

 oughbred animals of their get. Of course their herds had acquired 

 a character and type of their own, measurably distinct from those of 

 other breeders, who, in following the old idea that near relations 

 should not be crossed in stock breeding, possessed herds of miscella- 

 neous character, although, perhaps, in many points of excellence 

 quite equal to the Collings. We do not aver that the Ceilings' 

 stock was better than that of some of the other careful, painstaking 



