130 HISTORY OF THE SHORT-HORNS. 



attention had been paid to their breeding, and that the former owner 

 had only used bulls of the Wynyard or Princess blood from the time 

 the late Sir Henry Vane Tempest purchased that tribe from the late 

 Robert Colling, now near forty years ago."* 



To this Princess blood, as has already been observed, Mr. Bates 

 had always been attached, and now, in this Matchem cow, from her 

 appearance, and what he had learned of her breeding, he hoped for 

 good results in her produce after his own manner of obtaining them. 

 When he purchased her he put her into the hands of his tenants, 

 Messrs. Bell, for whom, including those in Mr. Brown's hands, she 

 bred five, what Mr. Bates called, inferior calves, from being put to 

 what he, in his criticising temper, called inferior bulls. PC took the 

 cow from the Bells at the price he originally paid for her, 11 ($55), 

 believing that if bred to his own bulls of the Duchess tribe, she would 

 breed first class stock. 



Matchem Cow was white in color, of good size and symmetry, and 

 a most excellent milker, to which latter quality Bates was always 

 partial, and strived to promote through the whole course of his breed- 

 ing. Her sire, Matchem, on his dam's side, run back into the 

 Favorite, Foljambe, Hubback and Maynard blood ; so that the cow 

 was considered by Mr. Bates to be a proper instrument to work a 

 fresh infusion of blood into his own Duchess tribe, although the latter 

 had been crossed but a few years before into the blood of Belvedere. 

 The cow came into Bates' herd early in 1833, and in November fol- 

 lowing she produced a roan heifer calf to Gambier (2046), of which 

 calf we have no account beyond her birth ; but Matchem Cow being 

 put to Duke of Cleveland (1937) (by Bertram (1716), out of his 26th 

 Duchess), she produced in November, 1834, Oxford Premium Cow, 

 so called from having afterwards taken the first premium at the 

 "Royal" Show at Oxford in the year 1839.1 



* In the recorded pedigree of the bull Young Wynyard, he is stated to be bred by the Countess 

 of Antrim. This lady bore that title in her own right of descent, altogether independent of her 

 then husband, Sir Henry Vane Tempest, who was only a Baronet in title, and of course less in 

 rank than his wife, she having the legal right to retain her title irrespective of the name of her 

 husband. It was on her estate of Wynyard that the bull Young Wynyard was bred ; and although 

 both husband and wife bred Short-horn cattle, each had them as their own personal properties. 

 The Wynyard bulls and the cows from which they were descended, were through three crosses 

 by Favorite (252), bred back to Hubback (319), and for several generations beyond, to the original 

 " cow bought of Mr. Pickering," about the year 1739, all of Robert Ceiling's Princess tribe. 

 L. F. A. 



t Two of Oxford Premium Cow's bulls afterwards came to America ; one, Locomotive 92 (4242) 

 [by Duke of Northumberland (1940)], for Mr. J. C. Letton of Kentucky; the next, Duke of 

 Wellington 55 (3654) [by Short Tail (2621)], for Mr. George Vail, Troy, N. Y. In January, 1836, 

 Matchem Cow also produced a bull calf by Duke of Cleveland made a steer ; in December of 



