THE DUCHESS TRIBE. 131 



After growing up, fit for service, Mr. Bates bred the ist and 2d 

 Cleveland Lads, and 2d Duke of Oxford (9046) (by Duke of North- 

 umberland, out of Oxford 2d, above mentioned) to more or less of 

 his Duchess cows, until the year of his death, in 1849. Thus the 

 two families of Duchess and Oxford (Matchem Cow), became incorpo- 

 rated, and the bulls of either tribe were severally used to both classes 

 of the cows, not only during Mr. Bates' life, but they have been, with 

 few exceptional crosses by bulls of other good blood, so continued to 

 the present day, under the more general term of "the Bates blood." 

 The female descendants have, however, always been kept separate in 

 both name and classification of Duchess, or Oxford, running back in 

 their own female genealogies ; but now, after so long an interbreeding 

 of nearly forty years, become almost of identical blood. 



RETURN TO THE DUCHESS TRIBE. 



\ 



Following the year in which Duchess 5oth, by Duke of Northumber- 

 land (1940), was calved, in 1840, came Duchess 5 ist, by Cleveland Lad 

 (3407). In 1841 came Duchess 52d, by Holkar (4041) (mainly of 

 Belvedere and Duchess blood). In 1842 came Duchess 53d, by Duke 

 of Northumberland. In 1844, Duchess 54th, by 2d Cleveland Lad 

 (3408), Duchess 55th, by 4th Duke of Northumberland (3649), and 

 Duchess 56th, by 2d Duke of Northumberland (3646). In 1845, 

 Duchess 57th, by 2d Cleveland Lad (3408). In 1846, Duchess 58th, 

 by Lord Barrington (9308) (with three direct Bates crosses in him). 

 In 1847, 59th Duchess, by 2d Duke of Oxford (9046), and 6oth, by 

 4th Duke of Northumberland (3649). In 1848 came 6ist, 62d and 

 63d Duchess, by 2d Duke of Oxford; and in 1849, 64th Duchess, by 

 2d Duke of Oxford, being the last of the Duchess heifers calved in 

 Mr. Bates' possession. 



We have been thus minute in enumerating the Duchess tribe while 

 in Mr. Bates' hands, to show with what pertinacity he adhered to his 

 own plans of breeding, and how he concentrated in them the strains 

 of blood which, he considered most valuable to effect his purposes. 

 It was not, as rrk_alWays remarked, simply to make money out of 



the same year she produced Cleveland Lad (3407) ; in March, 1838, zd Cleveland Lad (3408) ; and 

 in April, 1839, the heifer Oxford 2d, all three of them by Short Tail (2621). From this last calf 

 of Matchem Cow, Oxford 2d, with the exception of Oxford 4th, calved in 1843, by Duke of 

 Northumberland, which is the last calf Oxford Premium Cow produced, all the legitimate race of 

 Oxford's bulls and cows have proceeded. Having produced ten calves Matchem Cow was put 

 dry, and after feeding, made a carcass of 850 pounds of beef. Mr. Bates described her as being 

 remarkably healthy, hardy, and an extraordinary milker. 



