142 HISTORY OF THE SHORT-HORNS. 



Mr. Thome also purchased of Mr. Bolden the bull Grand Duke, 

 545 (10284), formerly sold at Mr. Bates' sale in 1850, for $5,000, and 

 brought him to America with his other purchases. A few years after- 

 wards Grand Duke becoming disabled, Mr. Thorne also purchased 

 2d Grand Duke, 2181 (112961), bred by Earl Ducie, at the price of 

 $5,000, and brought him to America. 



Mr. George Vail, of Troy, N. Y., and Gen. George Cadwallader, 

 of Philadelphia, purchased the bull 4th Duke of York (10167), 6 

 years old, at $2,625, b ut ne unfortunately died on his passage across 

 the ocean. 



The other animals of the Duchess, Oxford, and other tribes, passed 

 into the hands of various English breeders. Several of the descend- 

 ants of the Duchess have since come to America ; among them one 

 bull, Duke of Airdrie, 9798 (12730), and his dam, Duchess of Atholl, 

 by 2d Duke of Oxford (9046), in the hands of Mr. R. A. Alexander, 

 in Kentucky, and three heifers, Duchess 97th, loist and io3d, to Mr. 

 M. H. Cochrane, Compton, Province of Quebec, (Lower Canada.) 

 Of the Oxfords, one, Grand Duke of Oxford, 3988 (16184), was 

 imported by Mr. Sheldon, Geneva, N. Y. Of the Duchess and Oxford 

 females, there are now in England and America, some scores in num- 

 ber. The females are held in but few hands in England, and a less 

 number in the United States and Canada. The bulls, however, have 

 been widely scattered, and sold at prices commensurate with the 

 values which breeders partial to their blood place upon their merits. 



The sale of Lord Ducie's herd was the highest in price which had 

 taken place since that of Charles Colling in the year 1810, but rela- 

 tively to agricultural prices in England at the two periods (Colling's 

 at a time of great inflation, and Lord Ducie's at a time of compara- 

 tive depression), the latter sale was by far the highest, averaging $700 

 per head for 49 cows, heifers, and heifer calves, and $959 each for 13 

 bulls, making for the 62 animals- the round sum of $46,809, an aver- 

 age of $723 each, within a fraction. 



To follow in detail the result, separately, of the Duchess and 

 Oxford tribes, at Lord Ducie's sale, we give a synopsis of each : 

 8 Duchesses (females) sold for ^3, 212 ics. 5d., averaging nearly 

 $2,008 each; 4 Oxfords (females) sold for ^876 155., averaging 

 nearly $1,096 each. 



In addition to these were the before named Duke of Gloster, at 

 ^682 los. ($3,412), and 4th Duke of York, at ^523 ($2,625), and 

 5th Duke of Oxford to Lord Feversham, at ^315 or $1,575. 



