Bibliographical Notices, 453 



now known as fossil, lived unnoticed in our seas until the last five 

 years ; and, indeed, a considerable number of them are for the first 

 time recorded in this monograph. 



Acquaintance with freshwater species of Ostracoda dates back to 

 the middle of the last century. The investigation of the species has 

 been gradual and continuous ; and at the present time we are tole- 

 rably conversant with those members of the order which inhabit 

 the streams, lakes, and ponds both of the British Islands and of 

 continental Europe ; but with the marine species the case has been 

 different. It was in 1785 that 0. F. MiiUer first recorded the exist- 

 ence of sea forms, and in his ' Entomostraca ' established the genus 

 Cyiliere and described five species. There the matter stood, without 

 any fresh light being thrown upon the subject, until Dr. Baird, in 

 1837, published six additional species in the * Mag. of Zool. and 

 Botany.' In the following year M.-Edwards established the genus 

 Cypridina, containing a single species. From that time until 1850, 

 when Dr. Baird published his ' History of the British Entomostraca,' 

 matters were at a standstill. That work made us acquainted with 

 seven more Cytherce (together with a freshwater form which was 

 assigned to that genus), with three species of recent Cythereis, and 

 with two Cypridinoe. The ' List of the British Marine Invertebrate 

 Fauna,' published by the British Association eleven years subse- 

 quently (1861),only contains two additional species, Cypi^idina Marice 

 and C. interpimcta, which had been published by Dr. Baird. In that 

 year the Eev. A. M. Norman described a fifth British Cypridina, 

 and recorded the PJiilomedes lotigicornis of LiUjeborg from Plymouth 

 in the ' Annals of Natural History.' In the following year he added 

 five Cytherce and a Cythereis in the same journal ; and in 1864 

 (Nat. Hist. Trans. Northumberland and Durham) eight more Cytherce 

 and another Cythereis. Lastly, in the ' Eeport Brit. Assoc' 1866, 

 Mr. Brady characterized nine additional marine species from the 

 Hebrides, distributing them in the genera which had just been 

 established by G. 0. Sars. Thus, when Mr. Brady commenced 

 his monograph, there were (deducting species proved to be syno- 

 nymous) forty-four marine Ostracoda described, and twenty more 

 of which the names had been recorded in his paper just referred to. 



On the Continent the marine Ostracoda had, until quite recently, 

 been wholly neglected. Since Miiller's time, beyond a Cypridina 

 noticed from the Mediterranean by Costa and Philippi, and two Nor- 

 wegian species (which, however, are synonymous with previously 

 described British forms), no additions had been made to the fauna. 

 In 1865, however, G. 0. Sars published, in the * Vid.-Selskabets 

 Forhandlingar,' his " Oversigt af Norges marine Ostracoder," a mo- 

 nograph which at once placed the study of this order of animals on a 

 new footing. He had not only collected seventy-seven species in 

 the Scandinavian seas, but, with the greatest skill and anatomical 

 research, so investigated their structure and anatomy that he was 

 able to establish a large number of genera upon what would seem 

 to be valid and sound characters. 



Taking Sars's ' Oversigt ' as the basis of his work, Mr. Brady has. 



