8 Prof. J. C. Schiddte on the Structure of 
The mandibles have two lobes. The outer lobe is continued 
into a slender prehensile part, which is split into two or more 
branches; and these latter are again divided into digitiform 
teeth ; at the base it possesses a large grinding-tooth of vary- 
ing shape and armature. The inner lobe is very short, more or 
less subdivided into smaller lobes and fringed, generally mem- 
branaceous, sometimes partially or wholly chitinized in one 
mandible and membranaceous in the other. The stem is more 
or less developed according to whether it has to a palpus 
or not. The first pair of maxille have two slender abe both 
moveable, particularly the inner one; this latter carries on its 
apex a number (generally four) of cylindrical, a soft 
hairy appendages, whilst the apex of the outer lobe is armed 
with a number of sometimes exceedingly sharply pointed, 
sometimes perfectly blunt, sometimes spinulous thorns. The 
second pair of maxille have from one to three lobes, of which 
at least the two outer ones are moveable, the outermost being 
sometimes palpiform. 
As an example of this type, which, moreover, is the best 
known of the three, we may take a little Spheroma which is: 
very common along the coast of Denmark, but does not seem 
to have been sufficiently well described as yet ; perhaps it is 
identical with Oniscus globator, Pallas (Spic. Zool. fase. ix. 
p- 70, pl. 4. fig. 18). The prehensile part of the mandible is 
split into two branches, each with three to four digitiform 
teeth, which fit in between those of the mandible on the oppo- 
site side (Pl. I. fig. 1,m). The grinding-tooth is grooved and 
surrounded by a fence of spines. The inner lobe is small, 
soft, with pointed digitiform lobes, and articulates with the 
underside of the outer lobe in a depression between the pre- 
hensile part and the grinder. The stem of the mandible is 
short ; its outer part contains the muscles of the palpus, whilst 
its own flexors are inserted in its inner section. The palpus 
is rather short and thick, but free. The stem of the first pair 
of maxille is divided longitudinally by a groove into two sec- 
tions containing the muscles of the two lobes; the imner lobe 
(fig. 1, x) has four cylindrical, pointed, soft, hairy, membrana- 
ceous smaller lobes, whilst the terminal spines of the outer 
maxillary lobe are broadly truncate, some of the inner spines 
bearing spinule on their inner side. The second pair of 
maxille (fe. 1, z*) possess three short lobes, of which the 
outer one forms a foliaceous biarticulate palpus. , 
7. The second type is characteristic of Cirolane; and as 
illustrative examples we may take Cirolana borealis, Lilljeb., 
from the North Sea and the Kattegat, and a pretty little 
active species ornamented with stars of black pigment, which 
