and Nomenclature of Sponges. 167 
cimen is figured by me in the Proce. Zool. Soc. 1867, t. 27. f. 2: 
Dr. Bowerbank calls this specimen Dactylocalyx Ingallit, 
never observing that it is identical in every respect with the 
D. pumicea of Stutchbury and the Lphiteon panicea of Valen- 
ciennes ; so that Dr. Bowerbank formed two species out of the 
same, regarding the second specimen as a unique sponge ; 
and I am by no means certain that he does not think Lphiteon 
panicea a third one, as he only records it as belonging to the 
genus Dactylocalyx of Stutchbury, without mentioning its 
being the same species. 
It is to be observed that though I have Dr. Bowerbank’s 
own authority for regarding MacAndrewia azorica as iden- 
tical with Dactylocalyx Prattii, at p.79 he observes, “‘ The 
external characters of these fibres vary in each species. In 
a new siliceous Sponge in the British Museum, designated by 
Dr. Gray MacAndrewia azorica, the fibres are quite smooth, 
as represented by fig. 274, pl. 15; but in the greater number 
of species they are more or less tuberculated, as in fig. 275, 
pl. 15, which represents a group of fibres from the type speci- 
men of Dactylocalyx pumicea, Siatah bury, a portion of which 
is in the possession of Dr. Gray ; in other species in my pos- 
session the tuberculation is very strongly produced, as repre- 
sented in a few fibres of Dactylocalyx Prattii; Bowerbank’s 
MS., fig. 276, pl. 15” (Brit. Sponges, i. pp. 78, 80).. These 
observations are repeated at p. 204. : rt 
I quote these observations as.showing that spicules are 
liable to variation within certain limits, most Dials peculiar 
to each species, and that the idea of separating certain 
sponges because a slight difference in the surface of the spi- 
cules may be shown in two microscope-slides is exceed- 
ingly fallacious. In fact I am convinced, from the examina- 
tion of many specimens, that spicules vary quite as much as 
the external form of the sponge, whatever those microscopists 
who confine themselves to the examination of slides may say. 
_ MacAndrewia azorica was first described and figured by 
me from a specimen collected by Mr. MacAndrew at St. Mi- 
chael (Azores), in the Proc. Zool. Soc. for 1859, p. 438, pl. 15. 
Dr. Bowerbank quotes my name, adding a needless s to it, in 
‘ British Sponges,’ i. p. 204, f. 2745; at p. 237, f. 53, he calls 
it Dactylocalyx Bowerbankii, Johnson, bin a specimen. col- 
lected at Madeira by Mr. Johnson. Both these specimens are 
in the British Museum, and there can be no doubt of their 
identity. But at p. 18 of the same volume Dr. Bowerbank 
mentions ‘a new species of siliceo-fibrous sponge from India, 
Dactylocalyx Prattii, Bowerbank, MS.” The name is repeated 
at pp. 19 & 20, and occurs again at pp. 204, 274, 278, where 
