192 Prof. H. James-Clark on the Spongiee ciliatee 
It also frequents the same habitat as Anthophysa, where it is 
quite abundant, and readily recognized, when one has become 
familiar with it, even under as low a magnifying-power as two 
hundred diameters. ‘The greater number of individuals are 
found attached singly (figs. 9 and 24) or in twos to a slender 
peduncle (pd) ; but often three or four constitute a colony. A 
group of these monads seated on their short pedicels (fig. 8, pd?), 
and the latter arising from a nearly common point at the end 
of a long slender peduncle (fig. 8, pd), might be designated, in 
botanical parlance, as umbellate. Very seldom are more than 
four or five bodies assembled in one colony; but occasionall 
as many as eight (fig. 7) are united in a single umbel. They 
bear the same remarkable relation to each other and to the 
main stem (pd) that we find in Anthophysa: that is to say, 
the arcuate flagellum (7) of every member of the group curves 
backwards towards the base of the common vane d) ; 
and consequently the rest of the organism of each one holds a 
corresponding position. When there are but three or four in 
a colony, the longer axis of each monad usually diverges at an 
angle of not more than thirty or thirty-five degrees from the 
axis of the main stem; but when the number is greater, the 
divergence is also greater, and frequently amounts to sevent 
or eighty degrees. Oftentimes it will be observed that several 
of a group of bodies are attached in pairs (figs. 21, 22) to the 
pedicels, instead of each being possessed of a support of its 
own. ‘This, as will be explained more fully under the head of 
Jissigemmation, arises from an incompleteness of the self-divi- 
sion of which the pairs are the several resultants; and it will 
be noticed also that they are smaller than those which arise 
singly from the common peduncle. 
The usual form of the body is an oblique oval (figs. 25, 26, 
27), which is twice as long as it is broad; but in old indivi- 
duals which are about to undergo self-division, the shape is 
very broadly oval (fig. 24#), and its one-sidedness is not very 
conspicuous. ‘The same may be said of specimens which have 
lived for a while in stale water, and have lost nearly all their 
yellow colour (fig. 24). Posteriorly it tapers, more. or less 
abruptly, into the pedicel (figs. 25, 26, 27, pd”); but anteriorly 
it is slightly constricted (67) a short distance behind the front, 
and thence projects in the form of a low truncate cone (fig. 
248, fr). From the constriction (0?) there projects, in direct 
continuation of the epidermis of the body proper, a very high, 
membranous, campanuliform collar (6 61), presenting on the 
- whole an appearance as if the body were seated in the lower 
half of a deep urceolate calyx. ‘That this collar is not the 
upper portion of an urceolus, in any sense of the term, may be 
