228 Miscellaneous. 
the Pennatule the varicosities of the trunk correspond to the places 
where the asexual individuals are seated ; Funiculina quadrangularis 
shows them arranged in longitudinal rows between the sexual indi- 
viduals ; lastly, the Virgularie always present behind each lamella, 
upon their trunk, a simple transverse row of asexual individuals. 
It is probable that all the Pennatulide present a similar dimor- 
phism; at least, in Renilla we see, between the fully developed 
polypes, rudimentary bodies which seem to be individuals of a dif- 
ferent form. On the other hand, with the sole exception of the 
genus Sarcophyton, M. Kolliker has sought in vain for dimorphism 
in the Aleyonide and Gorgonide. It must not be forgotten, how- 
ever, that there seem to exist some relations between the buds of 
the sexual and asexual individuals in the polymorphic polyparies ; for, 
in Veretillum at least, the asexual individuals seem, under certain 
conditions, capable of being transformed into sexual individuals. 
M. Kolliker has also been able to investigate a polypary of 7'ubi- 
pora, still enveloped by the soft parts, obtained from the Fiji archi- 
pelago. Notwithstanding the great resemblance of the polyparies 
of the Tubipore to those of the Madripores, the author considers that 
in their whole structure and development these polypes are Aleyo- 
naria which must occupy a place by the side of the genus Clavularia. 
Both the tentacles and the body of the polypes of Z'ubipora contain 
spicules.— Wiirzburger Zeitung, January 4, 1868; abstract by E. 
Claparéde in Bibl. Univ. February 15, 1868, Bull. Sci. p. 171. 
On the Saliva and Salivary Organs of Dolium galea and other 
Mollusca. By MM.S. ve Luca and P. Pancurr. (Note by E. 
CLAPAREDE.) 
Ten years ago M. Troschel made the unexpected discovery of the 
presence of a considerable quantity of free sulphuric acid in the saliva 
of a Gasteropod, namely Dolium galea. MM. de Luca and Panceri 
have lately resumed the investigation of this subject, and have con- 
firmed, in their general features, the results obtained by their prede- 
cessor. They find the quantity of free anhydrous sulphuric acid 
varying from 3°3 to 3°42 per cent., a quantity whichis even a little 
more than that ascertained by M. Troschel. On the other hand the 
Neapolitan naturalists have found no trace of free hydrochloric acid, 
whilst the analysis formerly made by Boedeker at the request of 
Troschel indicated 0-4 per cent. of this. 
It was interesting to ascertain how far this phenomenon is iso- 
lated. MM. de Luca and Panceri have for this purpose investigated 
the saliva of various mollusca, and found free sulphuric acid in nota- 
ble proportion in four species of Z'iritontwm, in a Cassis, a Cassi- 
daria, two Murices, and an Aplysia. Moreover in all these mol- 
lusca, including the Dolium, these naturalists have seen a gas evolved 
from the salivary liquid at the moment of the rupture of the gland. 
This gas was found to be pure carbonic acid, and its volume in one 
case amounted to as muchas 20-6 cubic centimetres from a gland of 
about 75 grammes in weight. 
