262 Prof. H. James-Clark on the Spongie ciliate 
’ minor flagellum ; 7, gubernaclum: fr, frontal area: 7, neck or anterior 
half of body : dp, lip: m, mouth ; m’, jaws: md, monads of the Sponge, &c. : 
n, se ensigns organ: 0, ostioles: pd, pedicel; pd’, top of pd; pd?, forks 
of pd: r, retractor muscle ; 7, furrow in which r is imbedded and attached : 
s, eye-spot: si, sil, saltatory cilia: sp, triradiate spicula; sp, aciculate 
spicula : ¢, margin of the inrolled side of Anisonema; @, the deep furrow 
or Ouse way behind ¢: », broader valve of Dysteria; v!, the narrower 
valve. 
Figs. 1-4. Monas termo, Ehr.?. Fig. 1, a group of free monads, 500 diam. 
Fig. 2, a free monad seen from the narrower side, with the lip 
(Yp) next the observer, and the contractile vesicle (cv) in profile, 
950 diam. Fig. 3, an attached form seen from the broad side, 
(1200 diam. Fig. 4, a free monad in the act of swallowing a 
large morsel of food, 950 diam. 
Figs. 5, 5*, 5°, 6. Monas neglecta, n. sp. Fig. 5, broad-side view of a pedi- 
cellated monad, 950 diam. Fig. 5*, a posterior view, showing 
the axial attachment of the pedicel (pd!) and the contractile 
vesicle (cv) in profile, and the flagellum (77) in the distance, 
950 diam. Fig. 5», a free monad in the act of swimming, 
diam. Fig. 6, an attached form, contorted in the act of swal- 
lowing a large morsel of food, 950 diam. 
Figs. 7-27. Codosiga pulcherrima, n. sp. Fig. 7, a colony of eight mo- 
nads, drawn within an hour after the fissigemmation of three of 
its members, 150 diam. Fig. 8, a group of five, in a bird’s-eye 
view, 500 diam. Fig. 9, a single monad with three contractile 
vesicles (cv), the dotted lines indicate the degree of the lateral 
vibrative expansion of the membranous collar (6), 950 diam. 
Fig. 10, the same as fig. 9, preparing to undergo fissigemmation ; 
the body is contracted and widened, and the collar (0) broadened. 
Figs. 11—22, to illustrate the process of fissigemmation, 750 
diam. ; for particulars see the text (pp. 196-199). Fig. 23, a free 
monad in the act of swimming, the vibrating flagellum (7) 
acting as a propulsory agent and following in the rear, 950 diam, 
Fig. 24, a single pedicellated monad from old, stale water, the 
membranous collar (6) contracted into a cone, and the flagellum 
(ft) vibrating rapidly, 950 diam. Fig. 24s, a very large pedi- 
cellated form, just before jissegemmation begins, the body par- 
tially contracted, and the collar (6) vibrating ; the peculiar sig- 
moid curve of the flagellum (72) is well shown here, 950 diam., 
—figs. 25, 26, 27, showing the different degrees of contraction 
of the membranous collar (b) of the same individual: in fig. 25 
the flagellum (ft) is vibrating rapidly, just at the moment when 
the collar (6) has returned to its usual form and attitude, 750 
diam. 
Figs. 28-32*. Salpingeca marina, n. sp. Figs. 28, 29,30, the same in- 
dividual in different states of expansion, 1900 diam. Fig. 31, 
the body completely filling the calyx, so that the latter is 
scarcely distinguishable except at its mouth (c!), 1900 diam. 
Fig. 32, showing the calyx as a distinct envelope considerably 
separated from the body at the bottom (c) and at the aperture 
(c), 1900 diam. Fig. 32*, an empty calyx closed, 1900 diam. 
Figs. 33, 33*, 33°, 33°. Bicoseca lacustris, n. sp. Fig. 33, an adult with 
the lip (Jp) nearest the eye, the flagellum (7) in the back- 
ound, and the longitudinal furrow seen through the body. 
he flagellum (77) is uncoiling just as the body emerges from 
the bottom of the calyx (c), 950 diam. Fig. 33%, a young 
