Miscellaneous. 311 
than the rest, as if some one had trodden on it, the Volute was 
found ; and in this way many were obtained in a living and beautiful 
state. 
On Loxosoma Kefersteinii, a soft Bryozoan of the Bay of Naples. 
By E. Craparkpe. 
In 1862 M. Claparéde discovered on the coast of Normandy an 
epizoon of the worms of the genus Motomastus, which was shortly 
afterwards described by Professor Keferstein under the name of 
Loxosoma singulare. It is a Bryozoon, allied to Pedicellina (Sars), in 
which the anal extremity of the intestine pierces the wall of the 
pharynx, and opens outwards in the middle of the mouth. It is 
entirely soft, being destitute of the hard integuments so general 
among the Bryozoa. 
The bay of Naples contains a great abundance of a second species 
of Loxosoma, measuring about half a millimetre in length (exclusive 
of the peduncle) ; it lives, attached by its peduncle, upon various 
animals, chiefly Bryozoa of the genus Acamarchis. M. Claparéde 
names it L. Keferstewmi. : 
The body is of an elongate-ovoid form, obliquely truncated in front 
by the buccal funnel, into which the ciliated tentacles are usually re- 
tracted under the abnormal conditions induced by observation. The 
funnel contracts so as to form a sort of diaphragm above the mouth 
and anus ; but this always presents an aperture by which the water 
may penetrate freely into the cavity of the funnel, where it is con- 
stantly renewed by the movement of the cilia covering the inner sur- 
face of the wall of this cavity and the inner surface of the tentacles. 
The tentacles appear to be fourteen in number; L. singulare has 
only ten. The digestive apparatus is arranged as in the species from 
the Channel ; the lower extremity of the buccal funnel passes gra- 
dually into the cesophagus, which extends to the posterior extremity 
of the body, where it bends round and opens into a large greenish- 
yellow stomach. From this springs a short, cylindrical intestine, 
which pierces the wall of the pharynx to open externally in the 
middle of the mouth. The anal portion does not rise, as in LZ. sin- 
gulare, like a kind of chimney, to the highest region of the buccal 
funnel. 
The author thinks that this interpretation of the parts of the ali- 
mentary tube is not quite free from doubt, and that it is possible the 
part called by M. Keferstein and himself the mouth may be the 
anus, and vice versd. 
The very contractile peduncle is of variable length, but always 
much longer than in Z. singulare. It terminates in a sort of sucking- 
disk; and six or seven bands of muscles run from one end of it to 
the other ; these are separated from each other by the same num- 
ber of rows of nuclei, 0-006 millim. in diameter. 
The only individuals showing sexual organs were females, and in 
these the ovaries exactly resemble those of L. singulare. Most of 
the specimens were engaged in gemmiparous reproduction, the buds 
