354 Mr. E. R. Lankester on new Mammalia 



from Middle Eocene beds. (6) Teeth of Mastodon angustidens. 

 Rhinoceros Schleiermacheri, Tapinis prisons^ and others, derived 

 from the breaking up of a Miocene deposit of the same age as 

 the Epplesheim strata. Remains of Mastodon have been found 

 at the base of the Coralline Crag, in a debris formed of phos- 

 phatic nodules and vertebrate remains. (7) Cetacean remains, 

 consisting of bones and teeth, much worn, teeth of Carcharodon 

 megalodoa and Oxyrhina, also worn, derived from a previous 

 Pliocene deposit, contemporaneous with the Middle Crag of 

 Antwerp, where these same Cetacean remains and Sharks' teeth 

 are abundant in an unworn state. These also have been found 

 at the base of the Coralline Crag. (8) Shells derived from the 

 Coralline Crag — Pectunculus glycimeris, Pyrula reticulata, &c. 

 (9) The proper fauna of the Red Crag, certain Fish-remains, 

 Mollusca, Crustacea, and perhaps some Mammalia. 



It seems very certain that the majority of the terrestrial 

 Mammalia obtained from the Red Crag have not only a Miocene 

 facies, but are absolutely derived from a Miocene deposit, whilst 

 the Cetacea are of a later period. In the equivalent of the 

 Red and Coralline Crags at Antwerp not a single terrestrial 

 mammal has been found; but Cetacean remains are abundant, 

 and the teeth of a species of Phoca have been detected. The 

 beds at Antwerp give indications of having been deposited far 

 out at sea, in a much quieter manner than the Red Crag, which 

 appears to have been a littoral deposit, and is in fact a raised 

 beach, in forming which great districts of previous strata were 

 broken up by the sea, which has now destroyed the greater part 

 of the Red Crag in its turn. It is therefore not impossible that, 

 in the process of the formation of the Red Crag, remains of 

 certain terrestrial mammals then living on the shores of its sea 

 should have been imbedded; whilst in the Antwerp strata, more 

 distant from the coast, the remains of none but marine beings 

 could be enveloped. No Mammalia have, however, yet 

 been found of which it could be said with any degree of cer- 

 tainty that they lived contemporaneously with the MoUuscan 

 fauna of the Crag ; and we may be confident, from the position 

 in which they have been found, from their condition and palse- 

 ontological affinities, that Mastodon angustidens, Rhinoceros 

 Schleiermacheri, Tapirus priscus, Felis pardoides, and other 

 Miocene forms, did not live during the deposition of the Red or 

 Coralhue Crags. 



In looking over Mr. Whincopp's collection, I found some 

 Mammalian teeth which have not hitherto been noticed, a de- 

 scription of which I trust may prove of some value as an addi- 

 tion to our knowledge of the fauna of the Red Crag and of the 

 British fossil Mammalia generally. 



