with particular regard to the Danish Fauna. 189 



III. 



The subjoined synoptical table shows what those peculiarities 

 of structure are to which I have drawn attention, as well as what 

 use I have made of them for new characters ; and for the better 

 understanding of my ideas I shall here insert a few explanatory 

 remarks, which, however, I am obliged to keep partly in some- 

 what general terms, in order that they may explain at one and 

 the same time so many and such variously complicated relations, 

 without misguiding as to the details. 



It is the different structure of the mouth which regulates the 

 shape and direction of the head, the position of the antennse, 

 the development of the limbs, the clothing (with hairs, &c.) of 

 the integuments — in short, the whole shape and appearance of 

 the animal. I have here indicated three types of development 

 of the mouth, the peculiarities of which are particularly well 

 indicated by the different development of the third pair of ap- 

 pendages of the mouth — that is, of the stipites of the labial palpi, 

 which either are free and moveable by themselves, or have 

 coalesced with the lingua and thus lost their independent move- 

 ment, or, finally, have coalesced with each other longitudinally, 

 but not with the lingua, so as to be moveable, but only in uni- 

 son with each other. 



In the first type, all parts of the mouth are freely, equally, 

 and harmoniously developed, with the sole view of adapting 

 them for the treatment of pollen, which in that case is the ex- 

 clusive food of the animal. The mandibles have a vestige of 

 an inner lobe (mala), in the shape of a sharp fold on the under 

 surface, carrying a fringe of setse. The maxillary lobes are soft, 

 and bordered with a brush of close soft hairs. The lingua is 

 large and thin, divided into lobes clothed with soft close hairs ; 

 the fulcrum linguae is triangular, and does not assume the cha- 

 racter of a ligula, as it does not reach the extremity of the 

 lingua ; from the surface of the latter arise fringed paraglossse. 

 In accordance with these peculiarities, the head has an elongated 

 form, the labrum is prominent, covering the organs of the 

 mouth from above ; all parts of the animal become elongated, 

 slender, and light, the colour gay, &c. ; in short, the whole 

 structure is adapted to a life on flowers. Of course, this com- 

 bination presents many different gradations ; and I have found 

 it difficult to determine what systematic value I should attach 

 to them. After much consideration, I have contented myself 

 with distinguishing between two principal groups, according to 

 whether the mandibles possess a molar tooth (mola), properly 

 speaking, or not. 



All Cerambyces whose mouth is constructed on the model just 

 described have a small nodule at the base of the mandibles. 



