with particular regard to the Danish Fauna. 197 



and of a still more considerable series of valuable dissections 

 which Dr. Meinert^ at my desire, has executed during the last 

 few summers, and kindly placed at my disposal. 



The trachea are spacious, and their inner membrane, in all 

 larger stems and branches, also in the antennse and the limbs, 

 closely covered with long and delicate spines. 



The organs of digestion are differently developed, in close con- 

 formity with the different development of the mouth, as above 

 described, particularly with regard to the size of the stomach 

 and the mass of salivary and intestinal glands. The digestive 

 tube is somewhat longer and better equipped with glands in the 

 female than in the male, but always much longer than the body 

 — in the Lamiini as much as four times the length of the body. 



The salivary glands are tubiform, more or less ramified, in 

 Leptura and Saperda forming a considerable bundle. They 

 discharge their secretion into the pharynx, at the base of the 

 maxillae. 



The cavity of the mouth has almost disappeared in the Prioni, 

 but becomes more capacious in proportion as the lingua is flatter 

 and thinner; there is an abundance of cuticular glands on the 

 ligulse and maxillse. The pharynx is narrow, with cuticular 

 spines and short setse, both roof and bottom abundantly supplied 

 with superficial glands. The oesophagus is narrow, opening 

 directly into the pear-shaped crop, which in the Lepturini only 

 reaches a little way into the prothorax, but in the other groups 

 extends further back, even into the metathorax. The crop 

 possesses externally smooth transverse muscles, and under them 

 striated longitudinal muscles ; the inner membrane is spinulose. 

 The gizzard is small, with eight indistinct longitudinal folds, 

 mostly covered with cuticular spines. The stomach occupies 

 from one eighth {Prionus) to five eighths [Saperda) of the di- 

 gestive canal, and runs straight when it is short ; when longer, 

 it presents several windings towards its posterior extremity; and 

 when it is very long, as in Lamia, it is convoluted and rolled up 

 like a rope ; it has the form of a club reversed, is more or less 

 widened at the top, and its musculature is arranged in rect- 

 angular squares. The glands of the stomach, in Prionus and 

 Callidium, are restricted to the walls of this organ, but, in the 

 other Cerambyces, are placed in numerous cseca of difiierent sizes 

 between the meshes of the musculature ; these cseca are long 

 and numerous over the whole stomach in the Lepturini, generally 

 decreasing in number and size towards the posterior extremity, 

 where they are sometimes entirely wanting (in most Lamiini) ; 

 in some few [Pogonocherus) the cseca reappear on the end of the 

 stomach. The intestine is first bent forward and upward from 



