198 Prof. J» C« Sclijodte on the Classification of Cerambyces, 



the end of the stomachy then turned back at a very sharp angle, 

 the remainder being straight ; the walls are filled with large 

 glandular cells, the muscular membrane with thick annular 

 muscles. The rectum is short and flat, without muscular 

 membrane, but with a pair of long and thin muscles at the 

 base. 



There are six long, closely convoluted Malpighian vessels, 

 which unite, by degrees or all at once, in front of the sharp bend 

 of the intestine j generally they unite by threes, and then com- 

 bine into one common tube, which is connected with the intes- 

 tine by a common membrane surrounding both; inside this 

 the common tube generally divides again into single tubes 

 by threes, which wind themselves, without uniting again, inside 

 the covering membrane and outside the intestine, to the end 

 of the intestine, which thereby becomes club-formed. That 

 part of these vessels which is connected with the intestine differs 

 in structure from that which is outside, and particularly in the 

 extraordinary size of the glandular cells. 



There are two (in Prionus six) pairs of testes, which are 

 brick-shaped, rarely globular (Callichroma) , consisting of a vary- 

 ing number of generally yellowish or reddish folliculi (6-14, 

 Exocentrus ; 10-30, Leptura ; 40, Clytus, Prionus ; 70-85, Cal- 

 lichroma) disposed in the shape of a rosette close round a com- 

 mon circular disk, often free, but in many species of Leptura 

 and Saperda, and allied genera, in pairs enclosed in thin bags^ 

 which also cover part of the vasa deferentia. These latter 

 divide themselves into a number of branches corresponding to 

 the number of folliculi, and show sometimes (in Clytus) in their 

 posterior part a spindle-shaped expansion. There are one or 

 two pairs of vesiculcB seminales (glandular vesicles), which open 

 at the top of the ductus ejaculatorius -, in most Lepturce only one 

 pair, short and pear-shaped, in a few {L. quadrifasciata) two 

 short pairs; in Rhagium and Toxotus one pair, long and tubular; 

 in Cerambycini and Lamiini two pairs — either one pair pear- 

 shaped and the other tubular and convoluted [Prionus, Calli- 

 dium,Exocentrus, Pogonocherus), or both short and thick (Liopus)^ 

 or both convoluted and tubular, one pair being longer than the 

 other, sometimes united at the base into one common duct {Ce- 

 rambyx, Clytus), In Callichroma the arrangement is different : 

 on each side there is a shorter duct divided into several branches, 

 and a longer one divided into a great many branches, which to- 

 gether form a greater bulk than the testes. The ductus ejacula- 

 torius is long, the upper end large, more or less club-shaped, 

 often divided into two heads, likewise club-shaped, each receiv- 

 ing a separate vas deferens and a separate pair of vesiculse semi- 



