1899] MICROSCOPICAL JOURNAL. 135 



They do not multiply in butter if the butter milk has been 

 well removed, but if left in this furnishes an excellent 

 medium for multiplication. In sterilized milk, typhoid 

 bacteria can exist for upwards of four months. Inoccu- 

 lated into freshly drawn milk they have been found after 

 three months. Inocculated into sour milk they take com- 

 plete possession thereof and became almost a pure culture. 



Seeds of Bacteria. — Commonly called spores, theyg-row 

 one in each org-anism and have dense shells or walls pro- 

 tecting" their germs. To see them they must g"et stained 

 of a color different from the color of the bacterial body. 

 We therefore stain the whole object red by covering- the 

 cover-g-lass preparation, but not the g-lass, with carbolic 

 f uchsiri solution or anilin water f uchsin, dry it in over a hot 

 flame, cover again, dry ag"ain, till a deep red color has been 

 imparted to the whole including the spores. With immers- 

 ing- in dilute alcohol we can now dissolve out the color from 

 all but the spores, since it will adhere to them much more 

 persistently than to the rest, using- the lens to see the con- 

 dition of affairs from time to time. Methylene blue will 

 now color the whitened parts quickly before it can pene- 

 trate the spores and we have deep red spores showing- on 

 the light blue field — the body of the org-anism. This stain- 

 ing business is really a very fascinating occupation, and 

 gives the clue to the diag-nosis of all microbic diseases. 



MEDICAL MICROSCOPY. 



Alcohol. — Psychopatholog-ical and new microscopical re- 

 searches are constantly narrowing and dispelling- theories 

 of the use of alcohol both as a beverag-e and a medicine. — 

 Dk. J. D. Crothers. 



Faulty Rum. — This is the name given by spirit distillers 

 to spirit containing- an org-anism which injuresit and causes 

 annual loss of great amount. The micro-organism Cole- 

 othrix methystes, has such lust for sugar that it braves 

 the untoward environment of a liquid containing 70 per 

 cent alcohol. It transforms from coccus to rod, coccus to 



