146 



THE AMEKICAN MONTHLY 



[August, 



est ease, permitting the employment 

 of the utmost obliquity of illumina- 

 tion. In addition to this stage-ring 

 or platform, two additions are fur- 

 nished as desired by purchasers. In 

 the first and cheaper, a circular 

 stage-plate of thin sheet-brass is pro- 

 vided, which revolves concentrically 

 upon the stage-plate ; in the second, 

 a glass stage with a stop for a Malt- 

 wood finder, and movements of over 

 one inch in all directions is furnished, 

 and this is the one delineated in the 

 illustration, which shows the glass 

 stage removed. 



The double mirror and substage 

 are attached to a stout triangular bar, 

 which swings above the upper stage 

 on either side, upon a graduated cir- 

 cle, with a centering stop in the 

 optic axis. Both mirror and sub- 

 stage slide upon this bar to any posi- 

 tion required, or they can be entirely 

 removed and employed separately or 

 combined, as may be desired. The 

 substage ring is of the standard size, 

 carrying any of the usual accessories, 

 such as paraboloid, polariscope, achro- 

 matic condenser, dark-well and 

 Woodward's prism, and is so ar- 

 ranged that the polariscope and achro- 

 matic condenser may be used in com- 

 bination, to the great increase in the 

 brilliancy of the former. 



The mirror swinging above the 

 stage may be used as an illuminator 

 for opaque objects, but a condensing 

 lens for this purpose is also provided. 

 Both the circular and the glass stages 

 are fitted for carrying a pair of stage- 

 forceps ; the diaphragms have open- 

 ings of various sizes which may be 

 placed in immediate contact with the 

 under surface of a slide if desired, and 

 no pains have been spared to provide 

 for all the wants of the working 

 microscopist, in every department of 

 science, in this one stand, which is 

 believed to be at least unexcelled by 

 any other of its class. 



The illustration and foregoing 

 description relate to the " ideal " 

 microscope in its monocular form. 

 It is also made binocular, with the 



glass stage, substantially as described. 

 o 



The Bee's Tongue and Glands 

 Connected with it.* 



BY JUSTIN SPAULDING. 



The present paper is the outcome 

 of an interest in the subject, awa- 

 kened by an article, by Mr. J. D. 

 Hyatt, on the sting of the honey 

 bee, in the American Quarterly Mi- 

 croscopical Journal for October, 1878, 

 followed by one on the structure of 

 the tongue by the same author in 

 July, 1879. Both bear the impress of 

 careful and painstaking interpreta- 

 tion of facts, and a genius in ma- 

 nipulation that is truly marvellous. 

 Mr. Chamber's article, published pre- 

 viously to Mr. Hyatt's, and which he 

 criticises, I have not seen, and am 

 indebted to Mr. Hyatt for what 

 knowledge I possess of it. His ar- 

 ticle on the bee's sting incited me to 

 attempt to demonstrate for myself if 

 it was indeed the marvellous little 

 structure described, and I can add 

 my testimony to the literal acuracy 

 of description, drawing and, as I be- 

 lieve, of his interpretation of the 

 bee's manner of working it. 



My own observation, so far as the 

 ligula is concerned, agrees with Prof. 

 Cook's (see Naturalist, April, 1880), 

 and I think he has given the true so- 

 lution when he says it consists of a 

 sheath, slit below, within which is the 

 grooved rod, and, projecting from 

 the edges of the latter to the edges of 

 the sheath, is a thin membrane, form- 

 ing, as will be easily understood, 

 when the rod is extended or thrown 

 down, an enclosed sac, open only at 

 the top. 



In going over the work of Mr. 

 Hyatt, while examining a mounted 

 specimen of mouth parts, my friend 

 Mr. F. B. Doten, pointed out in the 

 mentum, a small spiral tube that gave 

 me a clue, which, followed up, has re- 

 sulted, as I believe, in a slight addi- 



* Abstract from the American Naturalist^ 

 with additions. 



