58 



The new facts brought out by this investigation have several 

 economic applications, some of which have already proved success- 

 ful under prolonged practical tests. The more important are : — 



1. — The production of an artificial farmyard manure. 



2. — The recovery of soluble nitrogen from sewage. 



3. — The prevention of waste in the usual process of manure 

 making when the beasts are heavily fed with cake. 



L. E. J. Russell. " Tlie Utilisation of Basic Slag." 



Trans. Faradav Societv, 1920. Vol. XVI. pp. 

 263-271. 

 A discussion of the present position of the basic slag problem 

 (see p. 16). 



SOILS. 



LI. E. J. Russell. " Soil Making." Journal of the Roval 

 Horticultural Society, 1919. Vol. XLIV. pp. 1-12. 



A summary of the process concerned in soil making, with 

 special reference to the means whereby, and the extent to which, 

 the productiveness of devastated areas could be restored. 



LII. E. J. Russell. '' The Tractor at Rothamsted." 

 Modern Farming, 1920. Vol. IV. No. 6, October. 

 An account of eighteen months' experience on the Rothamsted 

 farm (see p. 10). 



LIII. and LIV. E. J. Russell. " The Reclamation cj 

 Waste Land.^' Journal of the Royal Agricultural 

 Society, 1919. Vol. LXXX. pp. 133-144. 



'* The Improvement of Peaty Soils. ^^ I. — ** The 

 True Peats. ^^ Journal of the Ministrv of Agricul- 

 ture, 1921. Vol. XXVII. pp. 1104-1113. II.— 

 ** The Silty and Sandy Peats. ^^ Journal of the 

 Ministry of Agriculture, 1921. Vol. XXVIII. pp. 

 32-35. 



During the past ten years the author has made many examina- 

 tions of waste soils with a view of devising methods of improve- 

 ment. The analytical and agricultural results are set out here, 

 and the causes of success and failure are discussed. 



The waste lands of the Eastern half of England are mainly 

 light sands or gravels, or thin chalk soils, suffering from defective 

 water supply ; while in the Western half they are commonly peats 

 or stony clays, suffering from excess of water, lack of lime, and in 

 case of high districts, from low temperature. To some extent 

 remedial measures are possible. 



LV. E. J. Russell. '' The Partial Sterilisation of Soils." 

 fournal of the Royal Horticultural Societv, 1920. 

 Vol. XLV. pp. 237-256. 



It has already been shown that steam and certain poisons are 

 effective in ridding the soil of some of its insect and fungoid pests 

 besides enhancing its fertility. 



A more systematic investigation of the problem has now be- 

 come possible through the recognition that poisons are, more or 

 less, specific in their effects and may be less harmful to some 

 organisms than to others. 



