22 2 FORMULAS OF THE LAW OF EVOLUTION. 



able and well-employed, i.e.^ unless the wealthy 

 classes are comparatively numerous and benevolent, 

 the constitution of society will hardly be permanent. 

 There is much latent or explicit social amity and 

 good feeling" involved in the very existence of a 

 complex and highly organized society. Thus much 

 social sympathy is necessary to the existence and 

 security of highly developed individuals, nor ought 

 we perhaps to regard those individuals as highly 

 developed In whom that sympathy Is wanting. 



§ 9. This mutual implication of individual and 

 social development is seen not only in Industrial 

 progress, but even more obviously in the methods 

 of social competition, e.g. warfare. For it Is clear that 

 social combination and co-operation Is of primary 

 importance in warfare. No Individual fighting for 

 his own hand, however strong he may be, can 

 possibly maintain himself against combinations of 

 many Individuals. Society, therefore, is based upon 

 the simple physical fact that in the long run two are 

 stronger than one, and that hence the limitation of 

 the struggle of all against all by social restraints Is 

 a more effective method of survival than unrestricted 

 competition. Thus socialism conquers the atomism 

 of Individuals in the interests of the individuals 

 themselves. And so the least military efficiency 

 Implies some limitations on the aggressions of in- 

 dividuals on one another ; for evidently no man will 

 fight, if he is liable to be treacherously attacked by 

 his comrades. And as It was, so it still is : discipline, 

 superior organization and equipment, all of them 

 Implying a superior capacity to subordinate oneself 

 to social aims and to co-operate with others, are 

 ever growing more Important factors In military 

 success, than Individual courage and mere numbers. 



