2 24 FORMULAS OF THE LAW OF EVOLUTION. 



is everywhere aiming at developing the intrinsic 

 individuality of its possessors, and at developing it 

 in harmony with the social environment. 



§ II. But it is not enough to show that our 

 formula is an adequate description of the actual 

 condition of the world. We must show also both 

 that the same tendency may be traced in the lower 

 stages of the process beneath civilization and be- 

 neath man, and that it may be anticipated for the 

 higher stages, and will afford an adequate end and 

 ideal of cosmic evolution. 



Now with regard to the lower stages of Evolution, 

 it will not be difficult to show this while the lower 

 staofes are still human. It is clear that under bar- 

 barous and savage conditions of life both the in- 

 dividual and the society are only imperfectly de- 

 veloped; it is a commonplace that even physically 

 one savage looks almost exactly like another. The 

 individual has as yet hardly emerged from the type, 

 and a horde of savages are as like as a herd of 

 sheep, or, as we say, by ^ comparison with still 

 lower grades of individuality, ^s one pea is to 

 another. And even the apparent exceptions in 

 history only serve to confirm our theory, while at 

 the same time it throws fresh light on the historical 

 facts. 



§ 1 2. Thus it seems at first sight anomalous that 

 In an early civilization like the Greek, individuality 

 and sociality should have been more perfectly de- 

 veloped than in any modern society, and that at 

 the dawn of history States with highly developed 

 structure and highly complex organization, like the 

 caste-states of Egypt, India and China should lead 

 the van of civilization, while after a time they were 

 overwhelmed and outstripped by barbarous tribes 



