378 APPENDIX. HORSFALL'S SYSTEM. 



The foregoing observation of dairy results was con 

 tinned up to grass time in 1855. In April and May the 

 use of artificial means was discontinued, without dimi- 

 nution in the yield of butter or richness of cream, the 

 natural temperature being sufficient to maintain that of 

 my dairy at 54 to 56. 



I now proceed to describe the appearances since that 

 time. In the summer season, whilst my cows were 

 grazing in the open pastures during the day and housed 

 during the night, being supplied with a limited quantity 

 of the steamed food each morning and evening, a 

 marked change occurred in the quality of the milk and 

 cream ; the quantity of the latter somewhat increased, 

 but, instead of twenty-five ounces of butter per quart 

 of cream, my summer cream yielded only sixteen ounces 

 per quart. 



I would not be understood to attribute this variation 

 in quality to the change of food only. It is commonly 

 observed by dairy-keepers that milk, during the warm 

 months of summer, is less rich in butter, owing probably 

 to the greater restlessness of the cows, from being teased 

 by flies, etc. I am by no means sure that, if turning 

 out during the warm months be at all advisable, it 

 would not be preferable that this should take place 

 during the night instead of during the day time. 

 Towards the close of September, when the temperature 

 had become much cooler, and the cows were supplied 

 with a much larger quantity of the steamed food, results 

 appeared very similar to those which I had observed 

 and described from December to May, 1855. During 

 the month of November the quality was tested with the 

 following result : 



From two hundred and fifty-two quarts of old milk 

 were taken twenty-one quarts of cream, of which twenty 

 were churned, and produced four hundred and sixty- 

 eight ounces of butter, which shows : 



27.50 ounces of butter from 16 quarts of new milk. 

 23.40 " " " " each quart of cream. 



During May, 1856, my cows being on open pasture 



