ELEMENTS REQUIRED TO FORM BUTTER. 403 



These facts would seem to show that upwards of 20 

 Ibs. more water were given off from the lungs and pores 

 of the skin of a milking than of a fattening animal. 



The excrement of the six milch cows, 88 Ibs. per day 

 on the average, is found to contain of nitrogen 36, 

 equal to that in 2.25 Ibs. of albumen; whilst 1.85 of 

 albumen in the 20 Ibs. of hay is found adequate for 

 maintenance. 



On comparing the supply of the food to the six milch 

 cows with their requirements and production, there 

 seems an excess in the albuminous matter, a deficiency 

 in the oil for the fat and butter, an excess in the starch, 

 &c. Taking, however, the increased activity of the 

 animal functions, and consequent consumption of food 

 by the milch cow, I am not encouraged to lower my 

 standard of food. That it has sufficed is abundantly 

 proved, as each of the six cows under observation has 

 gained in condition during 27 weeks. 



My observations on nutrition tend to the conclusion 

 that if you supply animals with starch, sugar, <fcc., to 

 satisfy their requirements for respiration, you enable 

 them to convert the oil of their food into butter or fat 

 to such extent as their particular organism is fitted for 

 effecting it. 



On the 12th of March I purchased Mr. Smith's cow 

 (see p. 392) for twelve pounds ten shillings, being more 

 than her market value, for the purpose of trying her on 

 my food ; her yield of milk had then diminished to 8 

 quarts per day. On the 31st of March, four weeks from 

 the former weighing, and nineteen days after being 

 treated with my food, her yield of milk had increased to 

 9J quarts per day, and her weight to 8 cwt. 1 qr., being 

 28 Ibs. increase. 



Mr. Pawson's cow, which was continued on the same 

 food, namely, meadow hay ad libitum, and a more 

 limited supply of turnips, reduced her yield of milk to 

 less than 5 quarts per day, without alteration in her 

 weight. 



My cow first placed on trial with those of Mr. Smith 

 and Mr. Pawson gave a yield of milk of 12 quarts per 



