THE GENERAL COMPOSITION OF MILK 27 



several of such instances no disease or unsatisfactory condition 

 of the quarter of the udder could be detected clinically. 



Seel, in 1911, analysed the milk from thirty-four cows where 

 one or more quarters of the udder were inflamed. He found 

 certain differences between the milk of the abnormal quarter, 

 and also showed that the milk, even from the apparently healthy 

 quarters, showed similar differences. The chief alterations which 

 occurred were a marked reduction in the amount of lactose present, 

 as also in the chlorides. There was usually a reduction of fat in the 

 affected quarter, while the fat-content of the healthy quarters of 

 the same udder showed a tendency to rise. There was also a 

 general rise in the albumen-content from all the quarters, and some 

 rise in the phosphorus-content in the milk secreted by the apparently 

 healthy parts. 



In cases of cows definitely suffering from mastitis there appeared 

 to be some rise in the total ash-content. No constant divergence 

 between the normal and abnormal quarters of the udder was, 

 however, obtained. Seel considers these differences sufficiently 

 important to be of use in aiding diagnosis of disease of the udder. 



The alterations in composition of the milk arising from definite 

 disease of the gland is not pertinent to the present discussion. 

 When disease is well established, it can usually be detected in the 

 altered appearance of the milk. Such milk should not be used 

 as a food, but should be discarded. 



REFERENCES IN CHAPTER II 



ALBU-NEUBERG, Physiol. u. Pathol. des Miner alstoffwechsels, 1906. 

 ALLEMANN, Schweizer Milchzeit, 1911, Nos. 67, 71, 72, 74. Also ref. Milchw 



Zentralb., 1912, p. 105. 

 BAILY AND MURLIN, ' The Energy Requirements of the New-born,' Proc. Soc. 



Exp. .Bio/., New York, 1914, xi. 109 ; Amer. Journ. BioL, 1915, Ixxi. 526. 

 BAMBERG, ' Zur Physiologic der Lactation, mit besonderer Beriicksichtigung 



der chemischen Zusammensetzung der Frauenmilch milchreicher Frauen 



und des Einfluss der Menstruation,' Zeit f. Kinderh. 1913, vi. 424. 

 BIRK, ' Beitrage zur Physiologic des neugeborenen Kindes,' Monats. f. Kinderh. 



1910, ix. 595. 



BUNGE. Quoted by Albu-Neuberg, Phys. u. Path, des Miner alstoffwechsels, 1906. 

 CAMERER AND SOLDNER. (i) ' Analysen der Frauenmilch, Kuhmilch u. 



Stutenmilch,' Zeit. f. Biol. 1896, xxxiii. 535. (2) ' Die Bestandtheile 



der Frauenmilch und Kuhmilch, Zeit. f. BioL 1898, xxxvi. 277. 

 CAPOBIANCO, ' Sur la Pression osmotique du Colostrum et duLait,' Atch. 



ital. de Biol. 1912, Iviii. 177. 

 CARLYLE AND WOLL, ' Studies in Milk Production,' Agric. Exp. Station, 



Wisconsin, 1903-4, Bull. 102. 

 CATHCART AND PATON, ' On the Production of Lactose in the Mammary 



Gland,' Journ. of Physiol. 1911, xliii. 179. 

 DENNEMARK. See Engel and Dennemark. 

 DIENES, ' Beitrag zur Kenntnis des Stoffwechsels in der Schwangerschaft 



und der Lactation,' Biochem. Zeit. 1913, Iv. 124. 

 ECKLES, ' Jahreszeitliche Schwankungen des prozentischen Fettgehaltes in 



Kuhmilch,' Milchw. Zentralb. 1909, v. 488. 



