THE CELLULAR CONTENT OF MILK 145 



conditions. Some regard noticeably clumped cells as indicat- 

 ing pus, stating that upon proper incubation all such dumpings 

 may be found to be accompanied by chain-forming streptococci. 

 Others regard all polymorphonuclear neutrophilic cells as pus. 

 Most, however, at the present time fail to recognise any method 

 of clearly distinguishing pus from tissue cells. 



'A general consensus of opinion has been reached that a high 

 cell count should not alone condemn milk, although it is a matter 

 for suspicion. The cell count varies with the same cow upon 

 different days and it may be increased by simply manipulating 

 the udders. ... A high cell count accompanied by streptococci 

 apparently always indicates udder troubles. In many cases these 

 have been followed up to the dairy, and where this has been done 

 it is almost always possible to find the source in some cow suffering 

 from some trouble in its udder.' 



The report of the Committee indicates that all cases of high 

 cell count accompanied by streptococci should be regarded with 

 suspicion. Many observers, however, do not go so far, and are 

 disposed to require an investigation of the variety of the strain 

 of streptococcus present. The question of the pathogenicity of 

 strains of streptococci is considered in Chap. XV. 



REFERENCES IN CHAPTER VII 

 Cellular Content 



BERGEY. (i) ' The Prevalence of Streptococci in Cows' Milk/ Amer. 



Med. 1901, i. 122. (2) 'Source and Nature of Bacteria in Milk,' Penna. 



Dept. of Agric., Bull. 125, 1904. (3) ' The Leucocyte and Streptococcus 



Content of Cows' Milk,' Univ. of Pennsylvania, Philad., Med. Bull. No. 7 ; 



Ref. Munch, med. Wochens. 1907, 2398. 

 BERKA, ' Untersuchungen iiber menschliches Kolostrum,' Virchow's Arch., 



1911, ccv. 59. 



BREED. See Prescott and Breed. 



BUCKLEY. See Doane and Buckley. 



CAMPBELL, ' Leucocytes in Milk,' Bureau of Animal Industry, 1909, Bull. 117: 



CZERNY, ' Ueber das Kolostrum,' Prager med. Wochensch. 1890, pp. 401, 416. 



DOANE AND BUCKLEY, ' Leucocytes in Milk and their Significance,' Maryland 



Agric. Exp. Station, 1905, Bull. 102, p. 205. 

 ERNST, ' Ueber Milchstreptokokken und streptokokken Mastitis,' Monats. f. 



Tierheilk. 1909, xx. 414, and xxi. 55. 

 FREUDENREICH, ' Ueber die Bakterien im Kuheuter und ihre Verteilung 



in den verschiedenen Partien des Melkens,' Centralb. f. Bakt. Abt. 2, 



1904, xiii. 281, 407. 

 FRICK, ' Einfluss der Leukocytenzahl und der Entziindungsprodukte auf 



die Reaktion der Milch,' Milchw. Zentralb. 1913, p. 392. 

 GMINDER, ' Untersuchungen iiber Mastitisstreptokokken und ihre Differen- 



zierung von saprophytischen Streptokokken,' Centralb. /. Bakt. orig. 



1912, Ixiii. 152. 



GRATZ AND MARAY, ' Vergleichende Untersuchungen iiber die Brauch- 

 barkeit der Katalase, Reduktase und Leucozytenprobe zur Erkennung 

 von Mastitismilch,' Milchw. Zentralb. 1912, pp. 225, 257. 



