498 MILK 



2. Surroundings of Buildings. The surroundings of all buildings shall 

 be kept clean and free from accumulations of dirt, rubbish, decayed vege- 

 table or animal matter or animal waste, and the stable yard shall be well 

 drained. 



3. Location of Buildings. Buildings in which certified milk is produced 

 and handled shall be so located as to insure proper shelter and good drainage, 

 and at sufficient distance from other buildings, dusty roads, cultivated and 

 dusty fields, and all other possible sources of contamination; provided, in the 

 case of unavoidable proximity to dusty roads or fields, the exposed side shall 

 be screened with cheesecloth. 



4. Construction of Stables. The stables shall be constructed so as to facili- 

 tate the prompt and easy removal of waste products. The floors and plat- 

 forms shall be made of cement or other non-absorbent material and the gut- 

 ters of cement only. The floors shall be properly graded and drained, and 

 the manure gutters shall be from 6 to 8 inches deep and so placed in rela- 

 tion to the platform that all manure will drop into them. 



5. The inside surface of the walls and all interior construction shall be 

 smooth, with tight joints, and shall be capable of shedding water. The 

 ceiling shall be of smooth material and dust-tight. All horizontal and slant- 

 ing surfaces which might harbor dust shall be avoided. 



6. Drinking and Feed Troughs. Drinking troughs or basins shall be 

 drained and cleaned each day, and feed troughs and mixing floors shall be 

 kept in a clean and sanitary condition. 



7. Stanchions. Stanchions, when used, shall be constructed of iron pipes 

 or hard wood, and throat latches shall be provided to prevent the cows from 

 lying down between the time of cleaning and the time of milking. 



8. Ventilation. The cow stables shall be provided with adequate ven- 

 tilation either by means of some approved artificial device, or by the substitu- 

 tion of cheesecloth for glass in the windows, each cow to be provided with a 

 minimum of 600 cubic feet of air space. 



9. Windows. A sufficient number of windows shall be installed and so 

 distributed as to provide satisfactory light and a maximum of sunshine, 2 

 feet square of window area to each 600 cubic feet of air space to represent the 

 minimum. The coverings of such windows shall be kept free from dust and 

 dirt. 



10. Exclusion of Flies, etc. All necessary measures should be taken to 

 prevent the entrance of flies and other insects and rats and other vermin into 

 all the buildings. 



11. Exclusion of Animals from the Herd. No horses, hogs, dogs, or other 

 animals or fowls shall be allowed to come in contact with the certified herd, 

 either in the stables or elsewhere. 



12. Bedding. No dusty or moldy hay or straw, bedding from horse 

 stalls, or other unclean materials shall be used for bedding the cows. Only 

 bedding which is clean, dry, and absorbent may be used, preferably shavings 

 or straw. 



13. Cleaning Stable and Disposal of Manure. Soiled bedding and manure 

 shall be removed at least twice daily, and the floors shall be swept and kept 

 free from refuse. Such cleaning shall be done at least one hour before the 

 milking time. Manure, when removed, shall be drawn to the field or tem- 

 porarily stored in containers so screened as to exclude flies. Manure shall 

 not be even temporarily stored within 300 feet of the barn or dairy building. 



14. Cleaning of Cows. Each cow in the herd shall be groomed daily, 

 and no manure, mud, or filth shall be allowed to remain upon her during 

 milking; for cleaning, a vacuum apparatus is recommended. 



15. Clipping. Long hairs shall be clipped from the udder and flanks of 

 the cow and from the tail above the brush. The hair on the tail shall be cut 

 so that the brush may be well above the ground. 



16. Cleaning of Udders. The udders and teats of the cow shall be cleaned 

 before milking; they shall be washed with a cloth and water, and dry wiped 

 with another clean sterilized cloth a separate cloth for drying each cow. 



17. Feeding. All food-stuffs shall be kept in an apartment separate from 

 and not directly communicating with the cow barn. They shall be brought 



