THE ECONOMIC ASPECT OF MILK PRODUCTION 581 



narket. In large creameries where 10,000 or more pounds of 

 (uttermilk are available the production of a pound of casein 

 osts 3 cents or less, and the yield from 100 pounds of undiluted 

 >uttermilk is 2.8 to 3.1 pounds (Dahlberg). The casein is usually 

 irecipitated by heating the buttermilk to 130 F. or by adding 

 pint of sulphuric acid, diluted with 1 gallon of water, to each 

 000 pounds of skimmed milk. The whey is drawn off from the 

 iottom of the vat and the casein gathered on a cloth-lined drain 

 ack. The casein is washed at least twice with water, pressed, 

 round, and spread on trays. These are introduced into a tun- 

 el and exposed to hot air of a temperature of 130 F. for seven 

 ours. Details of the process and description of the apparatus 

 ecessary can be found in Bulletin 661 of the U. S. Department of 

 Lgriculture, published April 9, 1918. 



4. The present system of milk distribution involves consider- 

 ble waste of energy, labor, and capital. Williams made a care- 

 ul and interesting study of the methods of milk distribution in 

 lochester, N. Y. In one section of Rochester 57 distributors 

 upplied 363 homes. The milk wagon had to cover 30 miles, 

 fhile, if one distributor had delivered the milk, but IjV mile 

 rould have been covered. In another section 353 homes were 

 upplied by 61 dealers, traveling 36 miles, while one distributor 

 raveling 3 miles could have accomplished the same results. 



Williams found that the 170 small milk dealers used 295 

 orses and 255 wagons for milk delivery. These horses and wa- 

 ons represent a value of $82,400. The author estimates that 

 ne firm with 40 horses, 16 trucks, and 2 motor trucks, costing 

 29,000, could have done the same work. An experiment in 

 lilk distribution was made to demonstrate the enormous saving 

 iossible. One driver and two assistants with a horse truck 

 arrying 1000 quarts of milk distributed 400 to 500 quarts per 

 our, while actually the average milk dealer delivered but 175 

 uarts daily. 



The work is summarized by the author in a table giving the 

 gures under the present system and those under a model system, 

 lis charts and figures are so instructive that they are worthy of 

 sproduction here (see Figs. 233, 234). 



Perhaps it is not unreasonable to state that with proper econ- 

 my the cost of producing and handling milk can be reduced 

 nough to offset the increased cost of sanitary milk. The pro- 

 ucer can save by business-like management of the dairy and the 

 erd. The production of the herd can be increased materially 

 rith small additional expense. By economy in construction of 

 uildings the investment need not be excessive and by-products 

 an be profitably utilized. The producer can learn by attending 



