MODIFIED LEAVES, ETC. 



67 



foliaceous petiole, rolled up, and with its margins confluent, the lid-like 



body being regarded as the lamina ; but it appears -p- -QI 



more correct to consider the pitcher as the lamina 



furnished with a distinct terminal lobe (operculum). 



Sarraccnia, a North-American bog-plant, has 



analogous pitchers, which are sessile at the base 



of the flowering stem; Heliamphora (Guiana) 



has the pitchers less complete, the inner side 



being slit down as it were for some distance, 



from the imperfect confluence of the margins 



of the leaf. In Dischidia Rafflesiana the pit- 



chers are plainly formed from the blade, and 



are open at the end next the petiole ; and a 



similar condition exists in the pitchers formed 



from the bracts of Marcyrama and Norantea. 



Somewhat allied to the above, on a small scale, 



are the utriculi, or sacs of the Utricularite (fig. 



112), little bladder-like organs, closed at first by * of JTqwrfi*. 



a lid, developed from some of the lobes of the leaves of these aquatic 



plants, and apparently serving as " floats " and as traps for insects. In 



other aquatics ( Trapa, &c.) floats are formed by inflated 



petioles, constituting as it were indehiscent pitchers, sur- 



mounted by ordinary blades. 



Teratological illustrations of the origin of pitchers 

 are occasionally afforded by garden plants. This has 

 been especially observed in the Tulip, in which the 

 leaf next the flower-stalk has been found with its 

 margins completely confluent into a kind of spathe, 

 which bursts by a transverse fissure to allow the flower 

 to appear. 



Tendrils (cirri) are thread-like processes, curled spirally, by 

 Fig. 113. 



Fig. 114. 



Fig. 112. 



utriculus or air- 



sacof Cftrfcictario. 



Fig. 113. Leaves of.Lafhyru* Aphaca, represented by tendrils, with large foliaceous stipules. 

 Fig. 114. Leaf of Gloriosa superba, prolonged into a tendril. 



F 2 



