148 MOEPHOLOGY, OE COMPAEATIYE ANATOMY. 



Samara. The Samara is a two- or more-celled, few-seeded, 

 dry, indehiscent fruit, which has a membranous wing or wings 



Fig. 292. 

 Fig. 291. /^^\ F & m 



Fig. 291. Double samara of the Maple (Acer). 

 Fig. 292. Samara of the Elm (Ulmus campestris). 

 Fig. 293. Samaroid fruit of the Birch (Eetula alba). 



developed from the pericarp as in Acer (fig. 291), Ulmus (fig. 292), 

 and the little fruits of the catkin of the Birch (fig. 293). Practi- 

 cally this may be regarded as one or more achenes with winged 

 pericarps. 



Pyxis. The Pyxis is a one- or more-celled, many-seeded 

 fruit, the upper part of which falls off like a lid by circumscissile 

 dehiscence, as in Anagallis (fig. 274), Hyoscyamus (fig. 294), Lecy- 

 this, &c. It differs from the capsule merely in its transverse de- 

 hiscence. 



Siliq.ua. This is a two-valved linear pod, the valves of which 

 separate septifragally from a kind of frame, with a more or less 

 perfect false septum (rcplwn) stretched across it, the parietal 

 placentas being attached to the frame, as in Sinapis (fig. 295), 

 Cheiranthus, &c. It is the characteristic fruit of Crucifers. 



The Silicula (diminutive of the last) is merely a short and broad 

 giliqua, often most exparided in the direction at ri^ht angles to the replum, 

 the valves sometimes winged Thlaspi (fig. 296), Capsella, &c. 



When the replum is imperfect, it is said to ~be fmestrate ; or it may be 

 destroyed altogether. Some siliquas and siliculas do not burst by valves 

 Orambe, Raphanus, Isatis (fig. 297), &c. 



Capsule. The Capsule includes all the remaining kinds of 

 dry fruits, membranous or woody, formed of one-celled or many- 

 celled compound ovaries, which dehisce more or less completely by 

 regular valves, equal in number to or double that of the carpels (Iris, 

 Colchicum, Caryophyllacese, Digitalis, Primula, &c.), or by pores 

 (Antirrhinum, Palaver). Its mode of dehiscence may be septicidal, 



