CLASSIFICATION OF FEUITS. 



149 



loculicidal, or septifragal. Fruits of this general character are called 

 capsular. 



Fig. 294. 



Fig. 296. 



Fig. 295. 



Fig. 297. 



Fig. 294. Pyxig of Jlyoscyamus, enclosed in the dry calyx. 



Fig. 295. Burst siliqua of Sinapis, the valves separating from the sutures supporting the 



replum. 



Fig. 296. Burst silicic of Thlaspi. 

 Fig. 297. Indehiscent fruit of Isatis : a, entire; 6, a cross section. 



Syncarpous Fruits Inferior. 



Grlans. The Glans is a hard, dry, indehiscent fruit, spuri- 

 ously one-celled from suppression, usually one-seeded, seated in a 

 persistent involucre forming a cupule. In the Acorn and Hazel- 

 nut there is a single gland in each cupule or cup, while in the Beech 

 and Chestnut there are several. 



The ovary of the Oak is 3-ceTled, with two ovules in each cell ; but 

 two cells with their ovules, together with one ovule of the fertile cell, 

 are suppressed, and the wall of the ovary (fig. 271) is converted into a bony 

 shell, completely filled by the remaining seed. The ovary of the Birch is 

 also 3-celled, that of the Hazel 2-celled, that of the Chestnut 3-8-celled ; 

 and similar suppression takes place. The inferior character of the fruit is 

 marked, especially in the Chestnut, by the remains of the teeth of the 

 calyx on the summit (fig. 216, p. 117). In the Acorn the gland is naked 

 above, seated in a cup ; in the Hazel the leafy cupule envelopes it ; and in 

 the Chestnut and Beech the spiny cupule encloses several fruits. 



Cremocarp. The Gremocarp is a schizocarpous or splitting 

 fruit, consisting of two inferior achenes formed from a two- or 



