CALTCIFLOR.E. 257 



This Order is commonly broken up into several smaller Orders, 

 which we shall characterize here as Suborders. 



1. CHEYSOBALANE^;. Trees or shrubs with free stipules ; car- 

 pel 1, adherent more or less to one side of the calyx-tube ; ovules 

 2 ; style basilar ; fruit drupaceous ; seed erect ; radicle inferior. 

 2. DRTJPACE.E. Trees or shrubs with free stipules ; carpel 1, free ; 

 style terminal ; fruit a drupe, not enclosed in the tube of the 

 flower, which is deciduous ; seeds suspended. 3. POME^E. Trees 

 or shrubs with free stipules ; carpels 1-5, more or less united 

 together and with the sides of the flower-tube ; styles terminal ; 

 fruit a pome, 1-5-celled or spuriously 10-celled, with a crustaceous 

 core or bony stones (fig. 375) ; seeds ascending. 4. ROSE m. Shrubs 

 or herbs with adnate stipules ; carpels free from the flower-tube, 1 

 or many, 1-celled, sometimes cohering; styles lateral; fruit usually 

 formed of an assemblage of dry achenes, small drupes, or dehiscent 

 several-seeded follicles ; sead suspended, rarely ascending ; radicle 

 superior. 5. SANGUISOBB^. Herbs or undershrubs, apetalous, 

 often diclinous ; carpel 1, enclosed in the flower-tube; style from 

 the summit or base ; fruit an achene, surrounded by the persistent 

 tube of the flower; seed 1, suspended or ascending. 



ILLUSTRATIVE GENERA. 



I. CHRYSOBALANEJE. Chrywbalanus, L. II. AMYGDALEJE, or DRU- 

 PACEJE. Primus, L. III. POMEJE. Pyrus, Lindl. IV. ROSEJE. 1. Ro- 

 SIDJE. Flower-tube fleshy, enclosing the achenes : .Rosa, Tournef. 2. 

 POTENTILLIDJE. Flower-tube herbaceous ; fruit an etaerio : Rubus, L. ; 

 Frngaria, L. ; Poten+illa, L. 3. SPIR^ELD^E. Flower-tube herbaceous; 

 fruit a ring of follicles ; seeds not winged : Spircea, L. 4. QUILLAIJE. 

 Flower-tube herbaceous; fruit capsular; seed winged: Quillaia, Mol. 

 5. NEURADEJE. Flower-tube adhering to a ring of 10 carpels ; seed pen- 

 dulous : Neurada, L. V. SANGUISORBE^E. Alchemilla, Tournef. ; Po- 

 terinm, L. 



Affinities, &c. Typical formula |S 6 P 5 Aoo G l-oo . Closely allied to 

 Legumiiiosae ; and, indeed, the only constant point of difference consists in 

 the position of the odd sepal posterior in Rosaceae, anterior in Legumi- 

 nosaa. The Chri/sobalanea may be regarded as forming a link between the 

 Leguminosae and the Drupacece, touching that Order especially in its 

 drupaceous genera and those with a laterally adherent calyx. _ The J)ru- 

 pacece have some affinity also to Anacardiaceae ; Pomece again connects 

 the Order with the epigynous families, especially Myrtacese. through 

 Punica. Rosece resemble Pomece in many respects, but their affinities go 

 out in other directions; Calycanthacese should, perhaps, scarcely be sepa- 

 rated from them. The Spirceidcc very much resemble some Saxifragaceae 

 (distinguishable by their perispermic seeds) ; and the Potentillidce remind 

 us of the Ranunculaceae in the fruit and the adnate stipules, which some- 

 times closely approach the dilated base of the petiole of Ranunculus, &c. ; 

 but Ranunculaceae have perisperm and usually hypogynous stamens, though 

 the difference in some genera between hypogynous and perigynous po&i- 



8 



