284 SYSTEMATIC BOTANY. 



place of Cinchona ; Cormis sanguinea. Dogwood, is a common hedge 

 shrub. C. mascula, the Cornelian Cherry, bears fruit, which is now little 

 esteemed. Aucuba japonica, the variegated or " Cuba " Laurel of our 

 shrubberies, is the female form of a dioecious Japanese plant, propagated 

 in thousands by layers, but till lately never producing seeds. Since the 

 introduction of the male plant, however, the scarlet olive-shaped berries 

 are produced in profusion; and numerous varieties have been raised from 

 seed. 



Division II. Gamopetalae or Corolliflorse. 



Dicotyledonous Flowering plants having both calyx and corolla, 

 the latter sym- or gamopetalous and springing directly from the 

 receptacle ; the stamens mostly adherent to the corolla (epipetalous), 

 rarely free and arising with the corolla from the receptacle. 

 Gynsecium usually syncarpous. 



Exceptions, &c, The prevailing floral formula is So | P 5 A 5 G 2, but 

 similar anomalies to those noted under the other Subclasses occur in some 

 Orders which, on the whole, are Corollinoral. Thus, among Ericaceae, the 

 Suborder Vaccimece is properly Calycifloral, and the same thing occurs in 

 Styracaceae and elsewhere; among the Ericaceae and Epacridaceae we some- 

 times have the Thalamifloral condition, the petals being distinct and the 

 stamens hypogynous. In Primulaceae, Oleaceae, and Plantaginaceae ape- 

 talous and polypetalous species occur. In Lobeliaceae, Primulaceae, 

 Myrsinaceae, Sapotaceae, Styracaceae, Jasminacese, and Plumbaginacese 

 diarypetalous corollas occur, but with epipetalous stamens ; and also, in 

 some cases, apetalous flowers with hypogynous stamens, which, strictly 

 speaking, would be Monochlamydeous. These (and many other cases 

 might be noted) indicate the continual occurrence of u cross relations " 

 between the groups of Orders, which render it very difficult to arrange 

 the Orders satisfactorily, and show that any linear series is quite artificial. 

 The Gamopetalous Orders may be grouped according to the position of 

 the ovary, superior or inferior, the number of cartels, the regularity or 

 irregularity of the corolla and stamens, &c. ; but in any case allowance 

 must be made for exceptions. 



Series 1. INFERS; or EPIGYN^E. 



Ovary usually inferior. Stamens isomerous with the lobes of 

 the corolla, rarely fewer. 



CAPEIPOLIACE^E. THE HONEYSUCKLE ORDER. 

 Coh. Rubiales, Eenth. et Hook. 



Diagnosis. Shrubs or rarely herbs, with opposite leaves and as, a rule, 

 no stipules ; the tube of the flower adherent to the ovary ; the stamens 

 as many as (or one less than) the lobes of the tubular or rotate epigynous 

 corolla, and attached to its tube ; ovary 1-6-celled, often with 1 ovule in 



