COROLLIFLOR.E. 285 



one cell and several in the others ; style 1 ; stigmas 3 or 5 : fruit indehis- 

 cent, dry or succulent, 1- or more-celled; seeds solitary or numerous, 

 pendulous ; embryo in fleshy perisperm. Illustrative Genera : Diervilla, 

 Tournef. ; Lonicera, Desf. ; Viburnum, L. ; Sambucus, Tournef. 



Affinities, &c. This Order is usually subdivided into two Suborders : 1. 

 Lonicereee, with a tubular, regular or irregular corolla, a filiform style, and 

 seeds with a dorsal raphe ; and 2. Sambuceee, with regular rotate corollas, 

 3 sessile stigmas, and seeds with ventral raphe. It connects the sym- 

 petalous Rubiacese, Loganiacere, and their allies with the dialypetalous 

 Cornacese and Umbelliferae. Through the Escalloniece it is also connected 

 with the Saxifragacese. 



Distribution. A considerable Family, distributed chiefly in the northern 

 parts of Asia, Europe, and America. 



Qualities and Uses. Some of the plants possess powerful purgative and 

 emetic properties, as in the case of the leaA'es of the Elder (Sambucus niqra), 

 of the Gueldres Rose (Viburnum Opulus), the Common Honeysuckle (Lo- 

 nicera Periclymenum), and Triosteum perfoliatum (North America). The 

 fruits seem comparatively destitute of this property, that of our Elder and 

 others being made into wine ; the berries of Viburnum are eaten in North 

 America ; and those of Symphoricarpus, the Snow-berry of our shrub- 

 beries, appear to be harmless. The fragrance and beauty of the flowers 

 are marked characters of the Order. Besides Honeysuckles, species of 

 Lonicera and Caprifolium, the Elder, the species of Viburnum ( V. Opuhis, 

 grown in gardens for its balls of white neuter flowers, V. Lantana, the 

 mealy Gueldres Rose, V. Tinus, the Laurustinus shrub), Symphoricarpus, 

 &c. are found in every shrubbery. By Bentham and Hooker the curious 

 little genus Adoxa is included in this Order. 



EUBIACE^E. THE MADDER ORDER. 



Coh. Rubiales, Benth. et Hook. 



Diaf/nosis. Herbs, shrubs, or trees, with opposite entire leaves con- 

 nected by interposed stipules, or in real or apparent whorls with stipules 

 resembling the leaves ; the calyx adherent to the 2-4-celled ovary ; the 

 stamens as many as the lobes (3-5) of the regular epigynous corolla, and 

 springing from its tube ; ovules anatropal ; embryo perispermic. 



Character. 



Thalamus concave, together with the calyx tube aclhereiit to the 

 ovary. Calyx limb entire or 4-6-toothed, sometimes obsolete. 

 Corolla sympetalous, regular, with a long tube, or rotate, its seg- 

 ments equal in number to the teeth of the calyx. Stamens 

 usually equal in number to the lobes of the corolla, and attached 

 in one line upon it, alternately with them. Ovary inferior, 

 usually 2-celled, with an epigynous disk ; style single, sometimes 

 slightly divided ; stigmas united or divided ; ovules solitary, 2 or 



