290 



SYSTEMATIC BOTAKY. 



Fig. 395. 



Fig. 396. 



Fig. 397. 



Fig. 399. 



Pig. 395. Section of a capitulum of a Composite plant with palese at the base of the central 



tubular and of the marginal ligulate florets. 



Fig. 396. Section of an empty capitulum of a Composite plant with a paleaceous receptacle. 

 Fig. 397. Tubular floret. The pappus is scaly. 

 Fig. 398. Ligulate floret. Pappus scaly. 

 Fig. 399. Syngenesious anthers and styles of Compositae : a, in the natural position ; b, the 



tube of anthers opened. 



adherent ; limb obsolete, entire, or replaced by a circle of 

 scales, bristles, or feathered or simple hairs (pappus), which is 

 often persistent. Corolla sympetalous, epigynous (fig. 397) 

 and funnel-shaped, or ligulate (fig. 398), or bilabiate. Stamens 

 5, alternate with the teeth of the corolla ; filaments distinct ; 

 anthers cohering into a tube round the style (fig. 399). Ovary 

 inferior, 1-celled, with 1 erect ovule ; style simple below, bifid at 

 the apex, with a distinct stic/matic surface on each branch (figs. 

 394, 399). Fruit a " cypsela " (figs. 400-402), indehiscent, with 

 1 erect aperispermic seed, often crowned by the pappus. 



This extensive Order is divided into three Suborders. 



1. TTTBTJLIFLOILI;. Florets all tubular and perfect, or only those 

 of the centre (disk) perfect, while those of the circumference are 



