COEOLLIFLOK^:. 295 



for the gynandrous structure of the flowers, the filaments being 1 adherent 

 to the style into a column surmounted by the anthers which overlie the 

 stigma. * This column exhibits the irritability met with here and there in 

 Flowering Plants : in Stylidium it hangs over on one side of the flower ; 

 but when touched it rises tip and springs over to the opposite side, at 

 the same time opening its anthers and scattering the pollen. The Stylidia 

 are chiefly from Australia; a few others are scattered in the East Indies; 

 the Forsierce belong to New Zealand and the Straits of Magellan. They 

 have no known properties. 



CAMPANULACEJE. BELL-FLOWEBS. 

 Coh. Campanules, Benlh. et Hook. 



Diagnosis. Herbs with a milky juice, alternate leaves, and 

 mostly scattered flowers ; calyx adherent to the ovary ; corolla 

 regular, epigynous, bell-shaped, valvate in aestivation ; stamens 5, 

 free from the corolla, mostly distinct or coherent just below the 

 base of the distinct anthers ; ovary 2-5 -celled ; style 1, hairy ; 

 stigma simple or lobed ; capsule many-seeded, dehiscent by lateral 

 orifices or valves at the top ; seeds with fleshy perisperm. Illus- 

 trative Grenera : Jasione, L. ; Campanula, L. 



Affinities, &c. The Campanulaceae are divided by Bentham and Hooker 

 into three tribes : 1. Lobeliees, here treated as a distinct Order, and having 

 irregular flowers and syngeuesious anthers; 2. Cyphiece, with irregular 

 flowers and free anthers ; and 3. Campanulece, with regular flowers and 

 usually free anthers. They have many points of agreement with the 

 Compositse, the flowers resembling the tubular florets of that Order 

 in the corolla, inferior position of the ovary, and number and position of 

 the stamens ; but the anthers are distinct or only united at the base, and 

 the ovary is more than 1 -celled and contains many seeds ; in Jasione and 

 Phyteuma the flowers are in capitula, almost like those of Composite. 

 They are only separated from Lobeliaceae by the regularity of their 

 flowers, the globular (not elliptical) pollen-grains, and the peculiar hairs 

 of the style ; which points of structure likewise separate them from Goo- 

 deniacese and Stylidiaceae. On the other hand they approach Vacciniece, 

 from which they differ in the number of the stamens and their porous 

 dehiscence, the style, and the habit. In Cyclocodon the tube of the 

 corolla is adherent' to 'the ovary (superior), while the calyx is inferior! 



Distribution. A large Order, the members of which belong mostly to 

 the temperate parts of the Northern hemisphere. 



Qualities and Uses. The milky juice has properties analogous to that 

 of the Compositae, and is sometimes rather acrid; but the young roots and 

 shoots, especially when cultivated, are often edible ; Kampions are the 

 roots of Campanula Rapunculus ; Specularia Speculum and other species 

 have been used in salads. The Campanulas, commonly known as Canter- 

 bury Bells, Hair-bells, &c., are numerous in cultivation; and other genera 

 have also handsome flowers. 



