COKOLLIFLOKJ2. 321 



species are used in different countries in the same way. The essential oils 

 of some kinds commonly used as flavouring herbs are also used in vete- 

 rinary medicine. Among the best-known of these, besides Mint, are 

 Thyme (Thymus Serpyllum and other species), Marjoram {Origanum, vari- 

 ous species), Basil (Ocimum sp.), Savory (Satureia sp.), Sage (Salvia 

 officinalis and grandiflora), &c. As perfumes, Lavender, Patchouli (Pogos- 

 temon Patchouli), Mentlia citrata, Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis), and 

 others are largely used. Ilorehound (Marrubium vulgare) is an old- 

 fashioned remedy for coughs; Ground-ivy (Nepeta Glechoma), Balm 

 (Melissa officinalis) , and others are used by the country-people for the 

 same complaints. Monarda fistulosa (a North- American shrub) and 

 Origanum Dictamnus (or Dittany of Crete) are reputed febrifuges. Stachys 

 Betonica has been regarded as a sternutatory, but perhaps acts mechani- 

 cally : its root is said to be purgative and emetic ; but this seems unlikely 

 to be true. 



Many plants of this Order decorate our gardens, and many species are 

 wild in Britain. 



VERBENACE^ (THE VERVAIN ORDER) consists of herbs, shrubs, or 

 trees, with opposite or alternate leaves ; flowers with an hypogynous more 

 or less 2-lipped or irregular corolla and didynamous stamens ; style ter- 

 minal ; the 2-4-celled fruit dry or drupaceous, usually splitting when ripe 

 into as many 1-seeded, indehiscent nucules ; seeds erect or pendulous, with 

 little or no perisperm. Illustrative Genera : Verbena, L. ; Tectona, L. ; 

 Clerodendron, L. ; Vitex, L. ; Phryma, L. j Stilbe, Berg, j Myoporum, Bks. 

 & Sol. ; Avicennia, L. ; JEgipliila, Jacq. 



Affinities, &c. Principally distinguished from Labiatae by the terminal 

 st} r le and more coherent carpels. The Myoporcce, kept separate by Ben- 

 tham and Hooker, can hardly be separated from the Verbenece except by the 

 presence of two seeds in each cell of the ovary, and by the superior radicle; 

 and perhaps Selaginaceae should be appended as an aberrant form. The 

 structure of the fruit separates this Order from Scrophulariacese and its 

 allies. 



Distribution. A large Order, chiefly tropical j the Verbenece common 

 in temperate South America, and a few scattered in all regions. The 

 Avicennics grow, like Mangroves ; in tropical salt marshes. 



Qualities and Uses. Those of the Verbenece are much the same as in 

 Labiatas : Aloysia citriodora, the cultivated " Lemon-plant," or " Ver- 

 bena," is an instance of fragrant properties ; many species of Lantana are 

 fragrant or foetid ; some are used as substitutes for Tea. Vitex Agnus- 

 castus, V. Negundo, and others have acrid fruits. Tectona grandis is the 

 East-Indian Teak-tree, celebrated for its hard heavy wood (African Teak 

 is from a Euphorbiaceous tree). The bark of Avicennia tomentosa, the 

 White Mangrove of Brazil, is used for tanning. Olerodendrons are hand- 

 some stove-shrubs. The brilliant Verbenas of our gardens are mostly 

 varieties of Verbena chamcedrifolia and allied species. 

 \ 



SELAGINACEAE form a small group differing from Verbenacese principally 

 in having 1-celled anthers ; in Globularia the carpels are reduced to one. 



T 



