684 GEOGEAPHICAL AND GEOLOGICAL BOTANY. 



the eastern portion, from the predominance of Dicotyledonous forests and 

 a damp climate in the former, with a variety of Conifers until the limit of 

 Abies Smithiana (10,000 feet) is attained, and an extension of the tropical 

 plants to a greater altitude ; while in the drier eastern portion the Coni- 

 fers are diffused throughout, the forests less considerable; and the plants 

 of temperate climates diffused lower down. 



Cultivated plants. The cereals and orchard fruits of Europe, mountain 

 Rice, and a few tropical plants in the lower regions. 



(For the Indian flora consult Roxburgh's l Flora Indica,' Hooker and 

 Thomson's l Flora Indica ' (a most valuable introductory treatise), Hooker's 

 1 Flora of British India,' and numerous memoirs by Wallicn, Wight, 

 Griffith, and many other botanists, principally British. For the Sikkim 

 Himalayan see especially Hooker's publications.) 



9. Polynesian (or Reinwardf s) Region. 

 Mean temperature, 66-84 Fahr. (19-29 C.). Altitude, 0-6000 feet. 



Character. Resembling that of the Indian region, and included by 

 Grisebach in his Indian Monsoon region. The principal distinction con- 

 sists in the greater number of Orchidese (especially parasitic species, 

 which appear here in many peculiar forms), of Ferns, and species of 

 Ficus. A slight approximation to the Australian forms : Melaleuca, 

 Metrosideros, Proteaceae (Heliophyllum). Among the other character- 

 istic forms are the 



Genera. Licuala, Lodoicea, Rafflesia, Brugmansia, Stemonurus, An- 

 tiaris, Myristica, Nomaphila, Hydrophytum, Philagonia, Esenbeckia, 

 Echinocarpus, Aromadendron. 



Predominant trees and shrubs. Primaeval forests, composed especially 

 of species of Ficus, LauraceaB, Calameae, and Bignoniaceae, with Licuala 

 speciosa, Broussonetia papyrifera, Artocarpus incisa, Antiaris toxicaria 

 (Upas), Myristica, sp., Ardisia, sp., Tectona grandis, Strychnos tieute, 

 Diospyros, sp., Barringtonia speciosa, B. excelsa, Philagonia procera, 

 Cereus, sp., Calophyllum Inophyllum, Elaeocarpus, sp., Esenbeckia altis- 

 sima, Echinocarpus Sigun. 



Cultivated plants. The same as in the Indian region, with Bread-fruit, 

 Cassava, Inocarpus edulis, Nutmeg, Camphor, Papaw, Cotton (tree, &c. ), 

 Paper-mulberry, Hemp. 



10. Upper Javan (or Blume's) Region. 

 Altitude, 5000-12,000 feet. 



Character. This region, like the preceding included in Grisebach's 

 Indian Monsoon region, bears a certain resemblance to the Emodic region, 

 and ought perhaps to be united with it. Extratropical forms replace the 

 tropical. Oak-woods replace the forests of Ficus ; and these are succeeded 

 by forests of Podocarpus mingled with Ternstrcemiaceous trees, above 

 which the shrubby Heaths (Thibaudia) and woody Gnaphalia occur at a 

 comparatively low elevation (9000 feet), where the trees cease. 



Genera. Plantago, Lysimachia, Veronica, Gentian a, Swertia, Vac- 

 cinium, Gaultheria, Vireya, Thibaudia, Bellis, Galiurn, Saprosma. 



