BOTANICAL REGIONS. 687 



Cultivated plants. Maize, Rice, Millets (Sorgliuin vulgare, saccharatum, 

 Panicum, sp.), Yam (Dioscorea alata, saiiva), Cassava, Arum esculentum, 

 Plantains, Mango, Papaw, Pine-apple, Oil-palm, Cashew-nut, Figs, Tama- 

 rind, Citrus, sp. (Oranges, Limes, Lemons, &c.), Coffee, Sugar, Ginger, 

 Cardamoms, Grains of Paradise, c., Beans of various kinds, and Do- 

 lichos pulses, Ground-nut (Arachis), edible Solaua, Cotton, Tobacco, 

 (For information respecting the flora of this district, see specially Oliver's 

 ' Flora of Tropical Africa/ Peters's * Mossambique,' Hooker's ' Niger 

 Flora,' various papers of Burchell, Welwitsch, and others.) 



Intermediate in position and in characteristics between the preceding 

 region and the South- African or Cape Region is Grisebach's Kalahari 

 Region, a dry stony desert, without oases. Spiny Acacias and bulbous 

 plants manage to live, as well as Cucurbits, succulent Vines, and, most 

 curious of all, the strange Welwitschia. 



15. Region of Cacti and Piperacece (Jacquirfs Region}. 



Mexico, Guiana, fyc. 

 Altitude, up to 5000 feet. Mean temperature, 68-84 Fahr, (20-29 C.). 



Character. Bromeliacea?, Piperaceae, Passifloraceae, Cactaceae, Euphor- 

 biaceae, Convolvulacese, Apocynaceae, Rubiaceae. Tropical Orders less 

 frequent here than in other places within the tropics : Filices, Scitami- 

 neae, Orchidaceae, Myrtaceae, Leguminosae, Terebinthaceae, Aurantiaceae, 

 Tiliaceae, Malvaceae. Extratropical Orders appearing or becoming more 

 abundant : Labiatas, Ericaceae, Campanulaceae, Composite, Umbelliferae, 

 Crassulaceae, Rosaceae, Caryophyllaceae, Cruciferae, Rauunculaceae. 



Characteristic genera. Phytelephas, Kunthia, Galactodendron, Podo- 

 pterus, Salpianthus, Russellia, Lagascea, Gronovia, Inga, Thouinia, Lace- 

 pedia, Theobroma, Guazuma. 



Predominant trees and shrubs. Cyathea spinosa, C. villosa, Meniscium 

 arborescens, Agave americana, Yucca acaulis, Cocos nucifera, C. buty- 

 racea, Mauritia flexuosa, Martinezia caryotifolia, Oreodoxa montana, 

 Kunthia montana, Chamaerops morini, Coi'ypha Miraguama, C. Purnos, 

 C. tectorum, &c., Liquidambar styraciflua, Cecropia peltata Galactoden- 

 dron utile, Rhopala ovata, Avicennia tomentosa, Ehretia ternifoiia, Cordia 

 dentata, Cereus, sp., Melocactus, sp., Opuntia, sp., Pereskia, sp., Mammil- 

 laria, sp., Lecythis elliptica, &c., Bertholletia excelsa, arborescent Mela- 

 stomae, Bauhinia splendens, B. suaveolens, &c., Haematoxylon carnpe- 

 chianum, Caesalpinia cassioides, &c., Acacia cornigera, A. foetida, &c., 

 Hymenaea Courbaril, &c., Inga Humboldtiana, I. insignis, &c., Mimosa, 

 sp., Swietenia Mahogani, Bonplandia trifoliata. 



Cultivated plants. Maize, Doura, Cassava, Yam, Batatas, Plantain, 

 Mango, Custard-apples, Guavas, Cocoa-nut, Papaw, Peach, Pine-apple, 

 Cashew-nut, Tamarind, species of Citrus, Granadilla, Vine, Cactus-fig, 

 Rose-apnle, Cocoa, Vanilla, Coffee, Sugar, Tomatos, Capsicums, Pigeon- 

 peas (Cajanus), Ground-nut, Cochineal-cactus, Tobacco, Cotton. 



Grisebach very properly separates the cisaequatorial region of South 

 America from the Mexican region. The shores of northern South America, 

 as well as the river districts of the Orinoco and Amazon, are covered with 

 dense forests, with few Conifers, but many Palms and climbing plants. 



