INSTILAR FLORAS. 695 



The Cape- Verde Islands have a flora which is quite of the Saharan 

 type. St. Helena had a large number of trees of peculiar character show- 

 ing an African type. 



The Mascarene Islands. 



Madagascar, Mauritius, Bourbon, and the Seychelles are tropical islands 

 of volcanic or metamorphic origin. Half the species, according to Baker 

 (whose ' Flora of Mauritius ' is'the most recent enumeration), are peculiar 

 to one or other island, or common to the whole Archipelago, while 6 per 

 cent, are African, 8 Asiatic, 14 common to Asia and Africa, and 21 per 

 cent, common to the Old and New Worlds. The most abundantly repre- 

 sented Orders are Ferns, Orchids, Grasses, Sedges, Rubiaceae, Euphor- 

 biacefe, Coinpositae, and Leguminosse. The total proportion of species to 

 a genus is 2-3, and of species to an order between 9 and 10. No less 

 than 2G9 species, according to Mr. Baker, have been introduced, and have 

 established themselves in Mauritius, while the native flora has been to a 

 large extent exterminated by cultivation, &c. 



Pacific Islands, fyc. 



The floras of the Indian Archipelago, of the Sandwich and Fiji Islands, 

 are closely related to the Indo-Malay type of vegetation, as already men- 

 tioned, and form a transition between it and that of Northern Australia. 

 New Caledonia and Lord Howes Island belong to the Australian type as 

 regards their flora, with some peculiar forms. The flora of Norfolk Island, 

 broadly speaking, is allied to the New-Zealand flora, with admixture of 

 Australian and Indo-Malayan types. 



The Auckland and Campbell Islands have the general features of New- 

 Zealand vegetation. Chrysobactron Rossii, a noble yellow-flowered Aspho- 

 del^ is one of the characteristic plants. 



Antarctic Islands. 



Under this head brief mention may be made of Juan Fernandez, the 

 flora of which is mainly South Chilian, with marked preponderance of 

 Composites and many peculiar types. 



Kerguelen's Island has a flora allied to that of Fuegia. The Kerguelen 

 Cabbage, Prim/lea antiscorbutica, is characteristic, and, according to 

 Bennett, differs from most European Crucifers in being wind-fertilized, 

 an interesting fact to be correlated with the large proportionate numbers 

 of wingless insects. The flora of Marion Island is of similar character. 



The Falkland Islands are of similar general character to Kerguelen's 

 Land, and are remarkable for baing covered with dense tufts of Tussac 

 grass, Dactylis ccespitosa, and with hummocks or cushion-shaped masses of 

 an Umbellil'er, Bolax ylebaria. 



Cockburn's Island, lat. 64 12' S. lat., due south of Cape Horn, yields 

 little or no vegetation beyond Mosses and Lichens of cosmopolitan 

 diffusion. 



South-Atlantic Islands. 



The floras of St. Helena and Ascension have been already alluded to. 

 It remains to make brief reference to the floras of Amsterdam Island, 



