MOUTH-PARTS OF INSECTS 



297 



of the honey-bee are made up of the typical number of parts, but are adapted 

 both for biting and sucking. The student should refer to the other types of 

 mouth-parts already studied. 



1. Labrum. This consists of a small, rectangular piece attached 

 to the clypeus, and resembles closely the labrum of the locust. 



2. Mandibles. These are hard, well-developed structures, more 

 elongated than in the locust, and are devoid of teeth. 



3. Maxillae. The maxillae are complicated structures and, as in 

 the locust, consist of the following parts : 



a. The cardo. This serves as the attachment to the epicranium 

 and is an elongated piece. 



b. The stipes. These are rather thick, club-shaped pieces strongly 

 chitinized. 



c. The maxillary palps. These are short and almost atrophied, 

 located at the distal, outer edge of the stipes. 



d. The lacinia galea. These two structures are fused together 

 in the bee and form a pair of elongated pieces deeply grooved on the 

 inner edge. When fitted together, they form a partially closed tube 

 more or less completely surrounding the parts of the labium. 



4. Labium. The labium, or under lip, is even more modified 

 than the maxillae, and consists of the following parts : 



a. The submentiim. This is a triangular, basal piece, running off 

 from which are two small, rodlike pieces known as the lora. 



b. The mentum. This is a large, pear-shaped piece attached to 

 the submentum. 



c. The labial palps. The labial palps are greatly modified, form- 

 ing two long, four-jointed structures grooved on the inner edge. 

 When these are fitted together, they form a tube which in turn is 

 inclosed by the lacinia galea of the maxillae. 



d. The paraglossa. This is a sheathlike arrangement which 

 incloses the base of the tongue, lies median to the palps, and is 

 attached to the mentum. 



5. Tongue. The tongue is a long, flexible rod, densely covered 

 with hairs. Along the ventral side there is a deep groove, forming 

 almost a complete tube, and at the end is a flaplike structure known 

 as the flabellum. 



Exercise 43. Make a careful drawing of the mouth-parts of the honey-bee, 

 showing the above structures in detail. 



