The Bones. 1 5 



Effect of Alcohol on the Bones. " The effect of alcohol 

 in stunting the growth of the body is a well-known fact." 

 Bevan Lewis in "Text Book of Mental Diseases." 



"The injurious effect of alcohol on the entire develop- 

 ment of the child is evident from the fact that children 

 who drink spirituous liquors are noticeably stunted in 

 growth." - Professor Adolph Frick of Zurich. 



Summary. i. The skeleton consists of the central axis and the 

 limbs. 



2. Each vertebra consists of a body, ring (around spinal cord), and 

 processes. 



3. Pads of cartilage connect the vertebras. 



4. Throughout the bone there are tubes and crevices through which 

 it receives its nourishment from the blood. 



5. Bone consists of animal matter with limy matter embedded in it. 



6. Sprains should be treated carefully to avoid stiffened joints. 



Questions. i. Why do the bones of old people break so much 

 more easily than those of children ? 



2. What is the use of the central marrow ? 



3. What is the work of the red marrow in the spongy ends of the 

 bones ? 



4. What are " sesamoid " bones ? 



