viii To the Teacher. 



lary flow may be illustrated The circulation of blood in the web of ai 

 frog's foot is such an interesting and instructive sight that the teacher i 

 should show it to the class without fail. Even if the school has no 

 microscope and the teacher without experience, it is often possible to 

 get a near-by physician to show it to the class, (jhe coagulation of the 

 blood is readily shown) The experiments illustrating the action of the 

 diaphragm are very helpful, and any teacher possessing a modicum of 

 ingenuity and willingness to work can prepare them. In addition to 

 the experiments given in illustration of the chemistry of respiration, it 

 is desirable to show nitrogen and the composition of the air. This can 

 readily be accomplished by following the directions in the larger book 

 or in any chemistry. 



(jo learn the temperature of the body borrow a clinical thermometer 

 from a physician^ Have the children make little paper windmills to 

 show the air currents in rooms, over stoves, registers, radiators, etc. 

 The children should test the currents of air at all gratings and registers 

 in the schoolroom by holding a handkerchief up close to them. The 

 teacher should place a board under a window (as directed in this book) 

 to show how to ventilate a room without unpleasant drafts. (Each 

 pupil should prepare a section of tooth as directed in this book. When 

 studying the subject of absorption, the teacher should get from the 

 butcher about a foot of the small intestine of a calf. He will wash it 

 clean for a small consideration. Cut this into pieces an inch long. 

 Turn them inside out and place them in shallow dishes of water. The 

 villuses will readily be seen. A piece of the gullet will show the mus- 

 cular and mucous coats. Have the pupils make a careful study of 

 Fig. 87 and also of Figs. 85 and 86. which are designed to lead up to 

 Fig. 87. If the teacher is willing to practice, he can soon learn to 

 demonstrate muscle action by means of frog's muscle and to show 

 reflex action of the spinal cord with a frog. 



Many interesting experiments on the senses can be made with chil- 

 dren, such as the test of touch with compass points, keenness of sight, 

 hearing, accuracy of the muscular sense, etc. The internal structure 

 of the eye never fails to awake enthusiasm, and the teacher should 

 show this, and perhaps some of the pupils can also succeed in doing 

 the same. If the teacher can obtain a book on nursing, or, better still, 

 persuade a physician or trained nurse to come before the class, they 

 can learn how to prepare and apply bandages, to dress wounds, to treat 

 for drowning, etc. 



