External Respiration. 101 



breath is a little deeper than the others, and if we are sit- 

 ting in a cramped position, or are depressed, this occasional 

 deeper breath is still more marked and is called a sigh. 

 If the tissues are not well supplied with oxygen, they make 

 it known to nerve centers through the nerves, and, by 

 reflex action, breathing is quickened. 



Effect of Alcohol on the Lungs. Just as alcohol pro- 

 duces reddening of the face by the enlargement of the 

 arteries, so it causes congestion in the lungs. The pas- 

 sage of oxygen from the air sacs into the blood, and of 

 carbon dioxid and other waste matters from the blood into 

 the air sac, is hindered. The lung capacity of drinkers is 

 diminished. Both respiration and circulation are interfered 

 with, and, as a result, the drinker is less vigorous and has 

 less endurance than the abstainer. 



Alcohol and Lung Disease. "Habitual moderate drinkers 

 of alcoholic liquor give a much higher ratio of mortality 

 when attacked with cholera, continued fever, pneumonia, 

 influenza, or almost any acute disease, than the total 

 abstainers." N. S. Davis, M.D?, F.S.S. 



"The lungs, from the congested state of their vessels 

 produced by alcohol, are more subject to the influence of 

 cold, the result being frequent attacks of bronchitis." 



Martin. 



Nearly all physicians agree that the continued use of 

 alcohol weakens the vitality of the body, and that this is 

 the reason why drinkers are so much more likely to die 

 when attacked by severe disease such as pneumonia. When 

 pneumonia is prevalent, it gets a very much larger number 

 of victims from the drinking class. 



Alcohol and Consumption. At one time it was widely 

 believed that alcohol was a cure for consumption. So far 



