140 Physiology. 



reason for the kidney disease is the tax put upon these 

 organs by the drinking of large amounts of beer. 



One of the leading German professors of Berlin is quoted 

 in a medical journal as saying that diseases of the kidneys 

 are more frequent than in former years. This he attrib- 

 utes to beer-drinking, which he says is more general than 

 formerly, especially among the country people. 



Summary. i. When the body works it produces waste matter. 



2. Waste matter must be removed or it will poison the body. 



3. The skin throws off sweat, mostly water carrying waste matter. 



4. Sweat is taken from the lymph by the sweat glands, which are 

 coiled tubes, opening on the surface of the skin. 



5. The skin consists of two layers, the dermis, and the epidermis. 



6. The amount of sweat varies with heat, exercise, food, etc. 



7. The body gives off heat by (i) radiation, (2) conduction, 

 (3) convection, (4) evaporation. 



8. The temperature of the body in health stays at about 98.5 F. 



9. The temperature is regulated by the evaporation of sweat. 



10. Heat is distributed through the body by the blood. 



11. In cold weather we eat more fat, and other food, to make heat. 



12. The skin has five functions: touch, heat-regulation, absorp- 

 tion, protection, excretion. 



13. The kidneys remove urea from the blood. Urea is the nitrogen- 

 containing waste of the body. 



14. If much urea is in the blood the body is poisoned, and the re- 

 moval of the kidneys would soon cause death. 



15. Alcohol injures the kidneys. 



Questions. 



1 . Do dogs, cats, and cows sweat ? 



2. Why is thirst relieved by moistening the skin ? 



3. Why is it a good sign when the skin of a feverish person be- 

 comes moist ? 



4. Why should clothing worn during the day be removed at night ? 



5. Can food, medicine, or poison, be absorbed through the skin ? 



