290 Physiology. 



Hemorrhage of the Lungs or Stomach. Blood from the lungs is 

 bright, frothy, and salty ; from the stomach is dark and sour. In case 

 of bleeding from the lungs or stomach, let the person rest quietly on a 

 lounge or easy-chair. Give him some bits of ice to swallow. 



Bleeding from the Nose. Nosebleed may sometimes be stopped by 

 pressing firmly at the base of the nose. Do not lean forward, as this posi- 

 tion aids the flow. Sit up, and hold up the head, and hold a cloth under 

 the nose. Apply cold water or ice to the nose and to the back of the 

 neck. If this does not stop it, inject cold water, with a little salt or 

 soda in it, into the nose. Often the flow may be stopped by pressing 

 firmly on the upper lip at the sides of the nose. If these attempts fail, 

 a long strip of cloth may be used to plug the nostril, pushing the cloth 

 in a little at a time, and leaving the ends so it can be pulled out. This 

 should not be removed till a long time after the flow is checked, as it 

 may start the bleeding afresh. After an attack of this kind avoid blow- 

 ing the nose, as this often starts bleeding again. 



Treatment of Burns. Plunge the burned part into cold water. As 

 soon as possible apply a solution of cooking soda (a tablespoonful of 

 bicarbonate of soda to a teacup of water) ; or lay a wet cloth on the 

 burned part and put the soda on the cloth. Afterwards apply vaseline, 

 and renew the vaseline till the wound is healed. A mixture of equal 

 parts of sweet oil and limewater makes a good liniment for dressing 

 burns. 



Danger from Burning Clothing. If the clothing takes fire, there 

 is added to the danger of burning the body, the further risk of inhaling 

 the flame and heated air. It is best to lie down and roll or wrap the 

 body in any cloths at hand, rugs, shawls, etc. Running serves to fan 

 the flames. Hence, if a person whose clothing is on fire has lost 

 presence of mind and starts to run, throw him to the ground, putting a 

 wrap of some kind around the body at the same time if possible. Roll- 

 ing on the ground or floor in itself would very likely put out a small 

 flame. 



Treatment of Fainting. Lay the body flat on the back. Keep the 

 crowd away, and give plenty of fresh air. Loosen the clothing about the 

 neck and waist. Sprinkle cold water on the face, but do not drench 

 the body with a quantity of water. Apply smelling salts (ammonia) to 

 the nostrils ; rub the limbs toward the body. If these remedies do not 

 soon restore consciousness, send for a physician. A faint is not usually 



