326 ECONOMIC ZOOLOGY AND ENTOMOLOGY 



and with four toes and splint of the fifth digit on each hind 

 foot; through Protorohippus and Orohippus of the Middle 

 Eocene, about fourteen inches high, with four toes on front 

 feet and three toes on hind feet, and no splints; through Meso- 

 hippus of the Oligocene, about the size of a coyote, and with 

 three toes on all its feet; through Protohippus and certain other 

 kinds of the Middle Miocene, about as large as Shetland ponies 

 and with three toes on all feet but with the side toes not touch- 

 ing the ground; to Equus, which first appeared in the Pleisto- 



FIG. 139. Restoration of the four-toed horse; based on a mounted 

 skeleton, sixteen inches high, in the American Museum of Natural History. 

 (After C. R. Knight.) 



cene with only one developed toe and splints of the second and 

 fourth on each foot. 



The color of the prehistoric horse is not known, but it was 

 probably dun with more or less well-defined stripes like a 

 zebra. The bones of human beings have been found associ- 

 ated with those of prehistoric horses in South America and in 

 Europe. Remains of horses are associated in Europe with 

 human relics of the Bronze Age, and figures of the wild horse 



